diff --git a/src-tauri/src/database/migration.rs b/src-tauri/src/database/migration.rs
index 51c60e41..c96eb4e2 100644
--- a/src-tauri/src/database/migration.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/src/database/migration.rs
@@ -153,12 +153,14 @@ impl Database {
         tx: &rusqlite::Transaction<'_>,
         config: &MultiAppConfig,
     ) -> Result<(), AppError> {
-        let migrate_app_prompts =
-            |prompts_map: &std::collections::HashMap<String, crate::prompt::Prompt>,
-             app_type: &str|
-             -> Result<(), AppError> {
-                for (id, prompt) in prompts_map {
-                    tx.execute(
+        let migrate_app_prompts = |prompts_map: &std::collections::HashMap<
+            String,
+            crate::prompt::Prompt,
+        >,
+                                   app_type: &str|
+         -> Result<(), AppError> {
+            for (id, prompt) in prompts_map {
+                tx.execute(
                         "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO prompts (
                             id, app_type, name, content, description, enabled, created_at, updated_at
                         ) VALUES (?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6, ?7, ?8)",
@@ -174,9 +176,9 @@ impl Database {
                         ],
                     )
                     .map_err(|e| AppError::Database(format!("Migrate prompt failed: {e}")))?;
-                }
-                Ok(())
-            };
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        };
 
         migrate_app_prompts(&config.prompts.claude.prompts, "claude")?;
         migrate_app_prompts(&config.prompts.codex.prompts, "codex")?;
diff --git a/src-tauri/src/database/schema.rs b/src-tauri/src/database/schema.rs
index f0750aed..fd75818b 100644
--- a/src-tauri/src/database/schema.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/src/database/schema.rs
@@ -226,13 +226,13 @@ impl Database {
         Self::add_column_if_missing(conn, "skills", "installed_at", "INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0")?;
 
         // skill_repos 表
-        Self::add_column_if_missing(conn, "skill_repos", "branch", "TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'main'")?;
         Self::add_column_if_missing(
             conn,
             "skill_repos",
-            "enabled",
-            "BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1",
+            "branch",
+            "TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'main'",
         )?;
+        Self::add_column_if_missing(conn, "skill_repos", "enabled", "BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1")?;
         Self::add_column_if_missing(conn, "skill_repos", "skills_path", "TEXT")?;
 
         Ok(())
@@ -247,9 +247,7 @@ impl Database {
 
     pub(crate) fn set_user_version(conn: &Connection, version: i32) -> Result<(), AppError> {
         if version < 0 {
-            return Err(AppError::Database(
-                "user_version 不能为负数".to_string(),
-            ));
+            return Err(AppError::Database("user_version 不能为负数".to_string()));
         }
         let sql = format!("PRAGMA user_version = {version};");
         conn.execute(&sql, [])
@@ -261,10 +259,7 @@ impl Database {
         if s.is_empty() {
             return Err(AppError::Database(format!("{kind} 不能为空")));
         }
-        if !s
-            .chars()
-            .all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || c == '_')
-        {
+        if !s.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || c == '_') {
             return Err(AppError::Database(format!(
                 "非法{kind}: {s}，仅允许字母、数字和下划线"
             )));
@@ -292,7 +287,11 @@ impl Database {
         Ok(false)
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn has_column(conn: &Connection, table: &str, column: &str) -> Result<bool, AppError> {
+    pub(crate) fn has_column(
+        conn: &Connection,
+        table: &str,
+        column: &str,
+    ) -> Result<bool, AppError> {
         Self::validate_identifier(table, "表名")?;
         Self::validate_identifier(column, "列名")?;
 
diff --git a/src-tauri/src/database/tests.rs b/src-tauri/src/database/tests.rs
index e7676847..a7684cf2 100644
--- a/src-tauri/src/database/tests.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/src/database/tests.rs
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ fn migration_rejects_future_version() {
     Database::create_tables_on_conn(&conn).expect("create tables");
     Database::set_user_version(&conn, SCHEMA_VERSION + 1).expect("set future version");
 
-    let err = Database::apply_schema_migrations_on_conn(&conn)
-        .expect_err("should reject higher version");
+    let err =
+        Database::apply_schema_migrations_on_conn(&conn).expect_err("should reject higher version");
     assert!(
         err.to_string().contains("数据库版本过新"),
         "unexpected error: {err}"
@@ -168,10 +168,7 @@ fn migration_aligns_column_defaults_and_types() {
     let is_current = get_column_info(&conn, "providers", "is_current");
     assert_eq!(is_current.r#type, "BOOLEAN");
     assert_eq!(is_current.notnull, 1);
-    assert_eq!(
-        normalize_default(&is_current.default).as_deref(),
-        Some("0")
-    );
+    assert_eq!(normalize_default(&is_current.default).as_deref(), Some("0"));
 
     let tags = get_column_info(&conn, "mcp_servers", "tags");
     assert_eq!(tags.r#type, "TEXT");
@@ -181,10 +178,7 @@ fn migration_aligns_column_defaults_and_types() {
     let enabled = get_column_info(&conn, "prompts", "enabled");
     assert_eq!(enabled.r#type, "BOOLEAN");
     assert_eq!(enabled.notnull, 1);
-    assert_eq!(
-        normalize_default(&enabled.default).as_deref(),
-        Some("1")
-    );
+    assert_eq!(normalize_default(&enabled.default).as_deref(), Some("1"));
 
     let installed_at = get_column_info(&conn, "skills", "installed_at");
     assert_eq!(installed_at.r#type, "INTEGER");
diff --git a/src-tauri/src/deeplink/tests.rs b/src-tauri/src/deeplink/tests.rs
index f77ea0f5..40568154 100644
--- a/src-tauri/src/deeplink/tests.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/src/deeplink/tests.rs
@@ -307,8 +307,7 @@ fn test_import_prompt_allows_space_in_base64_content() {
     let db = Arc::new(Database::memory().expect("create memory db"));
     let state = AppState::new(db.clone());
 
-    let prompt_id =
-        import_prompt_from_deeplink(&state, request.clone()).expect("import prompt");
+    let prompt_id = import_prompt_from_deeplink(&state, request.clone()).expect("import prompt");
 
     let prompts = state.db.get_prompts("codex").expect("get prompts");
     let prompt = prompts.get(&prompt_id).expect("prompt saved");
diff --git a/src-tauri/src/lib.rs b/src-tauri/src/lib.rs
index 6a2e0f09..311879f4 100644
--- a/src-tauri/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/src/lib.rs
@@ -223,11 +223,9 @@ fn create_tray_menu(
         let providers = app_state.db.get_all_providers(app_type_str)?;
 
         // 使用有效的当前供应商 ID（验证存在性，自动清理失效 ID）
-        let current_id = crate::settings::get_effective_current_provider(
-            &app_state.db,
-            &section.app_type,
-        )?
-        .unwrap_or_default();
+        let current_id =
+            crate::settings::get_effective_current_provider(&app_state.db, &section.app_type)?
+                .unwrap_or_default();
 
         let manager = crate::provider::ProviderManager {
             providers,
@@ -1033,21 +1031,19 @@ fn show_migration_error_dialog(app: &tauri::AppHandle, error: &str) -> bool {
 
     let message = if is_chinese_locale() {
         format!(
-            "从旧版本迁移配置时发生错误：\n\n{}\n\n\
+            "从旧版本迁移配置时发生错误：\n\n{error}\n\n\
             您的数据尚未丢失，旧配置文件仍然保留。\n\
             建议回退到旧版本 CC Switch 以保护数据。\n\n\
             点击「重试」重新尝试迁移\n\
-            点击「退出」关闭程序（可回退版本后重新打开）",
-            error
+            点击「退出」关闭程序（可回退版本后重新打开）"
         )
     } else {
         format!(
-            "An error occurred while migrating configuration:\n\n{}\n\n\
+            "An error occurred while migrating configuration:\n\n{error}\n\n\
             Your data is NOT lost - the old config file is still preserved.\n\
             Consider rolling back to an older CC Switch version.\n\n\
             Click 'Retry' to attempt migration again\n\
-            Click 'Exit' to close the program",
-            error
+            Click 'Exit' to close the program"
         )
     };
 
diff --git a/src-tauri/src/services/provider/live.rs b/src-tauri/src/services/provider/live.rs
index 2450f764..b4db7221 100644
--- a/src-tauri/src/services/provider/live.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/src/services/provider/live.rs
@@ -100,12 +100,13 @@ pub(crate) fn write_live_snapshot(app_type: &AppType, provider: &Provider) -> Re
             write_json_file(&path, &provider.settings_config)?;
         }
         AppType::Codex => {
-            let obj = provider.settings_config.as_object().ok_or_else(|| {
-                AppError::Config("Codex 供应商配置必须是 JSON 对象".to_string())
-            })?;
-            let auth = obj.get("auth").ok_or_else(|| {
-                AppError::Config("Codex 供应商配置缺少 'auth' 字段".to_string())
-            })?;
+            let obj = provider
+                .settings_config
+                .as_object()
+                .ok_or_else(|| AppError::Config("Codex 供应商配置必须是 JSON 对象".to_string()))?;
+            let auth = obj
+                .get("auth")
+                .ok_or_else(|| AppError::Config("Codex 供应商配置缺少 'auth' 字段".to_string()))?;
             let config_str = obj.get("config").and_then(|v| v.as_str()).ok_or_else(|| {
                 AppError::Config("Codex 供应商配置缺少 'config' 字段或不是字符串".to_string())
             })?;
@@ -113,8 +114,7 @@ pub(crate) fn write_live_snapshot(app_type: &AppType, provider: &Provider) -> Re
             let auth_path = get_codex_auth_path();
             write_json_file(&auth_path, auth)?;
             let config_path = get_codex_config_path();
-            std::fs::write(&config_path, config_str)
-                .map_err(|e| AppError::io(&config_path, e))?;
+            std::fs::write(&config_path, config_str).map_err(|e| AppError::io(&config_path, e))?;
         }
         AppType::Gemini => {
             // Delegate to write_gemini_live which handles env file writing correctly
@@ -132,11 +132,11 @@ pub(crate) fn write_live_snapshot(app_type: &AppType, provider: &Provider) -> Re
 pub fn sync_current_to_live(state: &AppState) -> Result<(), AppError> {
     for app_type in [AppType::Claude, AppType::Codex, AppType::Gemini] {
         // Use validated effective current provider
-        let current_id = match crate::settings::get_effective_current_provider(&state.db, &app_type)?
-        {
-            Some(id) => id,
-            None => continue,
-        };
+        let current_id =
+            match crate::settings::get_effective_current_provider(&state.db, &app_type)? {
+                Some(id) => id,
+                None => continue,
+            };
 
         let providers = state.db.get_all_providers(app_type.as_str())?;
         if let Some(provider) = providers.get(&current_id) {
diff --git a/src-tauri/src/services/provider/usage.rs b/src-tauri/src/services/provider/usage.rs
index 2f28db3f..ee95c00c 100644
--- a/src-tauri/src/services/provider/usage.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/src/services/provider/usage.rs
@@ -168,9 +168,7 @@ pub(crate) fn validate_usage_script(script: &UsageScript) -> Result<(), AppError
         if interval > 1440 {
             return Err(AppError::localized(
                 "usage_script.interval_too_large",
-                format!(
-                    "自动查询间隔不能超过 1440 分钟（24小时），当前值: {interval}"
-                ),
+                format!("自动查询间隔不能超过 1440 分钟（24小时），当前值: {interval}"),
                 format!(
                     "Auto query interval cannot exceed 1440 minutes (24 hours), current: {interval}"
                 ),
diff --git a/src-tauri/src/services/skill.rs b/src-tauri/src/services/skill.rs
index f771cfd7..23a3e4d2 100644
--- a/src-tauri/src/services/skill.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/src/services/skill.rs
@@ -214,56 +214,8 @@ impl SkillService {
             temp_dir.clone()
         };
 
-        // 遍历目标目录
-        for entry in fs::read_dir(&scan_dir)? {
-            let entry = entry?;
-            let path = entry.path();
-
-            if !path.is_dir() {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            let skill_md = path.join("SKILL.md");
-            if !skill_md.exists() {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            // 解析技能元数据
-            match self.parse_skill_metadata(&skill_md) {
-                Ok(meta) => {
-                    // 安全地获取目录名
-                    let Some(dir_name) = path.file_name() else {
-                        log::warn!("Failed to get directory name from path: {path:?}");
-                        continue;
-                    };
-                    let directory = dir_name.to_string_lossy().to_string();
-
-                    // 构建 README URL（考虑 skillsPath）
-                    let readme_path = if let Some(ref skills_path) = repo.skills_path {
-                        format!("{}/{}", skills_path.trim_matches('/'), directory)
-                    } else {
-                        directory.clone()
-                    };
-
-                    skills.push(Skill {
-                        key: format!("{}/{}:{}", repo.owner, repo.name, directory),
-                        name: meta.name.unwrap_or_else(|| directory.clone()),
-                        description: meta.description.unwrap_or_default(),
-                        directory,
-                        readme_url: Some(format!(
-                            "https://github.com/{}/{}/tree/{}/{}",
-                            repo.owner, repo.name, repo.branch, readme_path
-                        )),
-                        installed: false,
-                        repo_owner: Some(repo.owner.clone()),
-                        repo_name: Some(repo.name.clone()),
-                        repo_branch: Some(repo.branch.clone()),
-                        skills_path: repo.skills_path.clone(),
-                    });
-                }
-                Err(e) => log::warn!("解析 {} 元数据失败: {}", skill_md.display(), e),
-            }
-        }
+        // 递归扫描目录查找所有技能
+        self.scan_dir_recursive(&scan_dir, &scan_dir, repo, &mut skills)?;
 
         // 清理临时目录
         let _ = fs::remove_dir_all(&temp_dir);
@@ -271,6 +223,90 @@ impl SkillService {
         Ok(skills)
     }
 
+    /// 递归扫描目录查找 SKILL.md
+    ///
+    /// 规则：
+    /// 1. 如果当前目录存在 SKILL.md，则识别为技能，停止扫描其子目录（子目录视为功能文件夹）
+    /// 2. 如果当前目录不存在 SKILL.md，则递归扫描所有子目录
+    fn scan_dir_recursive(
+        &self,
+        current_dir: &Path,
+        base_dir: &Path,
+        repo: &SkillRepo,
+        skills: &mut Vec<Skill>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        // 检查当前目录是否包含 SKILL.md
+        let skill_md = current_dir.join("SKILL.md");
+
+        if skill_md.exists() {
+            // 发现技能！获取相对路径作为目录名
+            let directory = if current_dir == base_dir {
+                // 根目录的 SKILL.md，使用仓库名
+                repo.name.clone()
+            } else {
+                // 子目录的 SKILL.md，使用相对路径
+                current_dir
+                    .strip_prefix(base_dir)
+                    .unwrap_or(current_dir)
+                    .to_string_lossy()
+                    .to_string()
+            };
+
+            if let Ok(skill) = self.build_skill_from_metadata(&skill_md, &directory, repo) {
+                skills.push(skill);
+            }
+
+            // 停止扫描此目录的子目录（同级目录都是功能文件夹）
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        // 未发现 SKILL.md，继续递归扫描所有子目录
+        for entry in fs::read_dir(current_dir)? {
+            let entry = entry?;
+            let path = entry.path();
+
+            // 只处理目录
+            if path.is_dir() {
+                self.scan_dir_recursive(&path, base_dir, repo, skills)?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 从 SKILL.md 构建技能对象
+    fn build_skill_from_metadata(
+        &self,
+        skill_md: &Path,
+        directory: &str,
+        repo: &SkillRepo,
+    ) -> Result<Skill> {
+        let meta = self.parse_skill_metadata(skill_md)?;
+
+        // 构建 README URL
+        let readme_path = if let Some(ref skills_path) = repo.skills_path {
+            format!("{}/{}", skills_path.trim_matches('/'), directory)
+        } else {
+            directory.to_string()
+        };
+
+        Ok(Skill {
+            key: format!("{}/{}:{}", repo.owner, repo.name, directory),
+            name: meta.name.unwrap_or_else(|| directory.to_string()),
+            description: meta.description.unwrap_or_default(),
+            directory: directory.to_string(),
+            readme_url: Some(format!(
+                "https://github.com/{}/{}/tree/{}/{}",
+                repo.owner, repo.name, repo.branch, readme_path
+            )),
+            installed: false,
+            repo_owner: Some(repo.owner.clone()),
+            repo_name: Some(repo.name.clone()),
+            repo_branch: Some(repo.branch.clone()),
+            skills_path: repo.skills_path.clone(),
+        })
+    }
+
     /// 解析技能元数据
     fn parse_skill_metadata(&self, path: &Path) -> Result<SkillMetadata> {
         let content = fs::read_to_string(path)?;
@@ -302,25 +338,18 @@ impl SkillService {
             return Ok(());
         }
 
-        for entry in fs::read_dir(&self.install_dir)? {
-            let entry = entry?;
-            let path = entry.path();
+        // 收集所有本地技能
+        let mut local_skills = Vec::new();
+        self.scan_local_dir_recursive(&self.install_dir, &self.install_dir, &mut local_skills)?;
 
-            if !path.is_dir() {
-                continue;
-            }
+        // 处理找到的本地技能
+        for local_skill in local_skills {
+            let directory = &local_skill.directory;
 
-            // 安全地获取目录名
-            let Some(dir_name) = path.file_name() else {
-                log::warn!("Failed to get directory name from path: {path:?}");
-                continue;
-            };
-            let directory = dir_name.to_string_lossy().to_string();
-
-            // 更新已安装状态
+            // 更新已安装状态（匹配远程技能）
             let mut found = false;
             for skill in skills.iter_mut() {
-                if skill.directory.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&directory) {
+                if skill.directory.eq_ignore_ascii_case(directory) {
                     skill.installed = true;
                     found = true;
                     break;
@@ -329,23 +358,69 @@ impl SkillService {
 
             // 添加本地独有的技能（仅当在仓库中未找到时）
             if !found {
-                let skill_md = path.join("SKILL.md");
-                if skill_md.exists() {
-                    if let Ok(meta) = self.parse_skill_metadata(&skill_md) {
-                        skills.push(Skill {
-                            key: format!("local:{directory}"),
-                            name: meta.name.unwrap_or_else(|| directory.clone()),
-                            description: meta.description.unwrap_or_default(),
-                            directory: directory.clone(),
-                            readme_url: None,
-                            installed: true,
-                            repo_owner: None,
-                            repo_name: None,
-                            repo_branch: None,
-                            skills_path: None,
-                        });
-                    }
-                }
+                skills.push(local_skill);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// 递归扫描本地目录查找 SKILL.md
+    fn scan_local_dir_recursive(
+        &self,
+        current_dir: &Path,
+        base_dir: &Path,
+        skills: &mut Vec<Skill>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        // 检查当前目录是否包含 SKILL.md
+        let skill_md = current_dir.join("SKILL.md");
+
+        if skill_md.exists() {
+            // 发现技能！获取相对路径作为目录名
+            let directory = if current_dir == base_dir {
+                // 如果是 install_dir 本身，使用最后一段路径名
+                current_dir
+                    .file_name()
+                    .unwrap_or_default()
+                    .to_string_lossy()
+                    .to_string()
+            } else {
+                // 使用相对于 install_dir 的路径
+                current_dir
+                    .strip_prefix(base_dir)
+                    .unwrap_or(current_dir)
+                    .to_string_lossy()
+                    .to_string()
+            };
+
+            // 解析元数据并创建本地技能对象
+            if let Ok(meta) = self.parse_skill_metadata(&skill_md) {
+                skills.push(Skill {
+                    key: format!("local:{directory}"),
+                    name: meta.name.unwrap_or_else(|| directory.clone()),
+                    description: meta.description.unwrap_or_default(),
+                    directory: directory.clone(),
+                    readme_url: None,
+                    installed: true,
+                    repo_owner: None,
+                    repo_name: None,
+                    repo_branch: None,
+                    skills_path: None,
+                });
+            }
+
+            // 停止扫描此目录的子目录（同级目录都是功能文件夹）
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        // 未发现 SKILL.md，继续递归扫描所有子目录
+        for entry in fs::read_dir(current_dir)? {
+            let entry = entry?;
+            let path = entry.path();
+
+            // 只处理目录
+            if path.is_dir() {
+                self.scan_local_dir_recursive(&path, base_dir, skills)?;
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/src-tauri/tests/import_export_sync.rs b/src-tauri/tests/import_export_sync.rs
index 7edf7378..9a853aeb 100644
--- a/src-tauri/tests/import_export_sync.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/tests/import_export_sync.rs
@@ -3,13 +3,15 @@ use std::fs;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use cc_switch_lib::{
-    get_claude_settings_path, read_json_file, AppError, AppType, ConfigService,
-    MultiAppConfig, Provider, ProviderMeta,
+    get_claude_settings_path, read_json_file, AppError, AppType, ConfigService, MultiAppConfig,
+    Provider, ProviderMeta,
 };
 
 #[path = "support.rs"]
 mod support;
-use support::{create_test_state, create_test_state_with_config, ensure_test_home, reset_test_fs, test_mutex};
+use support::{
+    create_test_state, create_test_state_with_config, ensure_test_home, reset_test_fs, test_mutex,
+};
 
 #[test]
 fn sync_claude_provider_writes_live_settings() {
diff --git a/src-tauri/tests/mcp_commands.rs b/src-tauri/tests/mcp_commands.rs
index 52158362..2474d03e 100644
--- a/src-tauri/tests/mcp_commands.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/tests/mcp_commands.rs
@@ -42,9 +42,13 @@ fn import_default_config_claude_persists_provider() {
         .expect("import default config succeeds");
 
     // 验证内存状态
-    let providers = state.db.get_all_providers(AppType::Claude.as_str())
+    let providers = state
+        .db
+        .get_all_providers(AppType::Claude.as_str())
         .expect("get all providers");
-    let current_id = state.db.get_current_provider(AppType::Claude.as_str())
+    let current_id = state
+        .db
+        .get_current_provider(AppType::Claude.as_str())
         .expect("get current provider");
     assert_eq!(current_id.as_deref(), Some("default"));
     let default_provider = providers.get("default").expect("default provider");
@@ -87,7 +91,9 @@ fn import_default_config_without_live_file_returns_error() {
 
     // 使用数据库架构，不再检查 config.json
     // 失败的导入不应该向数据库写入任何供应商
-    let providers = state.db.get_all_providers(AppType::Claude.as_str())
+    let providers = state
+        .db
+        .get_all_providers(AppType::Claude.as_str())
         .expect("get all providers");
     assert!(
         providers.is_empty(),
@@ -125,8 +131,7 @@ fn import_mcp_from_claude_creates_config_and_enables_servers() {
         "import should report inserted or normalized entries"
     );
 
-    let servers = state.db.get_all_mcp_servers()
-        .expect("get all mcp servers");
+    let servers = state.db.get_all_mcp_servers().expect("get all mcp servers");
     let entry = servers
         .get("echo")
         .expect("server imported into unified structure");
@@ -168,8 +173,7 @@ fn import_mcp_from_claude_invalid_json_preserves_state() {
     }
 
     // 使用数据库架构，检查 MCP 服务器未被写入
-    let servers = state.db.get_all_mcp_servers()
-        .expect("get all mcp servers");
+    let servers = state.db.get_all_mcp_servers().expect("get all mcp servers");
     assert!(
         servers.is_empty(),
         "failed import should not persist any MCP servers to database"
@@ -224,11 +228,8 @@ fn set_mcp_enabled_for_codex_writes_live_config() {
     McpService::toggle_app(&state, "codex-server", AppType::Codex, true)
         .expect("toggle_app should succeed");
 
-    let servers = state.db.get_all_mcp_servers()
-        .expect("get all mcp servers");
-    let entry = servers
-        .get("codex-server")
-        .expect("codex server exists");
+    let servers = state.db.get_all_mcp_servers().expect("get all mcp servers");
+    let entry = servers.get("codex-server").expect("codex server exists");
     assert!(
         entry.apps.codex,
         "server should have Codex app enabled after toggle"
diff --git a/src-tauri/tests/provider_commands.rs b/src-tauri/tests/provider_commands.rs
index dec36c81..c0828f03 100644
--- a/src-tauri/tests/provider_commands.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/tests/provider_commands.rs
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ use cc_switch_lib::{
 
 #[path = "support.rs"]
 mod support;
-use support::{create_test_state_with_config, ensure_test_home, reset_test_fs, test_mutex};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use support::{create_test_state_with_config, ensure_test_home, reset_test_fs, test_mutex};
 
 #[test]
 fn switch_provider_updates_codex_live_and_state() {
@@ -104,16 +104,22 @@ command = "say"
         "config.toml should contain synced MCP servers"
     );
 
-    let current_id = app_state.db.get_current_provider(AppType::Codex.as_str())
+    let current_id = app_state
+        .db
+        .get_current_provider(AppType::Codex.as_str())
         .expect("get current provider");
-    assert_eq!(current_id.as_deref(), Some("new-provider"), "current provider updated");
+    assert_eq!(
+        current_id.as_deref(),
+        Some("new-provider"),
+        "current provider updated"
+    );
 
-    let providers = app_state.db.get_all_providers(AppType::Codex.as_str())
+    let providers = app_state
+        .db
+        .get_all_providers(AppType::Codex.as_str())
         .expect("get all providers");
 
-    let new_provider = providers
-        .get("new-provider")
-        .expect("new provider exists");
+    let new_provider = providers.get("new-provider").expect("new provider exists");
     let new_config_text = new_provider
         .settings_config
         .get("config")
@@ -165,7 +171,9 @@ fn switch_provider_missing_provider_returns_error() {
 
     let err_str = err.to_string();
     assert!(
-        err_str.contains("供应商不存在") || err_str.contains("Provider not found") || err_str.contains("missing-provider"),
+        err_str.contains("供应商不存在")
+            || err_str.contains("Provider not found")
+            || err_str.contains("missing-provider"),
         "error message should mention missing provider, got: {err_str}"
     );
 }
@@ -241,11 +249,19 @@ fn switch_provider_updates_claude_live_and_state() {
         "live settings.json should reflect new provider auth"
     );
 
-    let current_id = app_state.db.get_current_provider(AppType::Claude.as_str())
+    let current_id = app_state
+        .db
+        .get_current_provider(AppType::Claude.as_str())
         .expect("get current provider");
-    assert_eq!(current_id.as_deref(), Some("new-provider"), "current provider updated");
+    assert_eq!(
+        current_id.as_deref(),
+        Some("new-provider"),
+        "current provider updated"
+    );
 
-    let providers = app_state.db.get_all_providers(AppType::Claude.as_str())
+    let providers = app_state
+        .db
+        .get_all_providers(AppType::Claude.as_str())
         .expect("get all providers");
 
     let legacy_provider = providers
@@ -258,9 +274,7 @@ fn switch_provider_updates_claude_live_and_state() {
         "previous provider should be backfilled with live config"
     );
 
-    let new_provider = providers
-        .get("new-provider")
-        .expect("new provider exists");
+    let new_provider = providers.get("new-provider").expect("new provider exists");
     assert_eq!(
         new_provider
             .settings_config
@@ -283,7 +297,9 @@ fn switch_provider_updates_claude_live_and_state() {
     );
 
     // 验证当前供应商已更新
-    let current_id = app_state.db.get_current_provider(AppType::Claude.as_str())
+    let current_id = app_state
+        .db
+        .get_current_provider(AppType::Claude.as_str())
         .expect("get current provider");
     assert_eq!(
         current_id.as_deref(),
@@ -328,7 +344,9 @@ fn switch_provider_codex_missing_auth_returns_error_and_keeps_state() {
         other => panic!("expected config error, got {other:?}"),
     }
 
-    let current_id = app_state.db.get_current_provider(AppType::Codex.as_str())
+    let current_id = app_state
+        .db
+        .get_current_provider(AppType::Codex.as_str())
         .expect("get current provider");
     // 切换失败后，由于数据库操作是先设置再验证，current 可能已被设为 "invalid"
     // 但由于 live 配置写入失败，状态应该回滚
diff --git a/src-tauri/tests/provider_service.rs b/src-tauri/tests/provider_service.rs
index 74534e17..54f0700a 100644
--- a/src-tauri/tests/provider_service.rs
+++ b/src-tauri/tests/provider_service.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 use serde_json::json;
 
 use cc_switch_lib::{
-    get_claude_settings_path, read_json_file, write_codex_live_atomic, AppError, AppType,
-    McpApps, McpServer, MultiAppConfig, Provider, ProviderMeta, ProviderService,
+    get_claude_settings_path, read_json_file, write_codex_live_atomic, AppError, AppType, McpApps,
+    McpServer, MultiAppConfig, Provider, ProviderMeta, ProviderService,
 };
 
 #[path = "support.rs"]
 mod support;
-use support::{create_test_state, create_test_state_with_config, ensure_test_home, reset_test_fs, test_mutex};
+use support::{
+    create_test_state, create_test_state_with_config, ensure_test_home, reset_test_fs, test_mutex,
+};
 
 fn sanitize_provider_name(name: &str) -> String {
     name.chars()
@@ -69,7 +71,10 @@ command = "say"
     }
 
     // 使用新的统一 MCP 结构（v3.7.0+）
-    let servers = initial_config.mcp.servers.get_or_insert_with(Default::default);
+    let servers = initial_config
+        .mcp
+        .servers
+        .get_or_insert_with(Default::default);
     servers.insert(
         "echo-server".into(),
         McpServer {
@@ -111,16 +116,22 @@ command = "say"
         "config.toml should contain synced MCP servers"
     );
 
-    let current_id = state.db.get_current_provider(AppType::Codex.as_str())
+    let current_id = state
+        .db
+        .get_current_provider(AppType::Codex.as_str())
         .expect("read current provider after switch");
-    assert_eq!(current_id.as_deref(), Some("new-provider"), "current provider updated");
+    assert_eq!(
+        current_id.as_deref(),
+        Some("new-provider"),
+        "current provider updated"
+    );
 
-    let providers = state.db.get_all_providers(AppType::Codex.as_str())
+    let providers = state
+        .db
+        .get_all_providers(AppType::Codex.as_str())
         .expect("read providers after switch");
 
-    let new_provider = providers
-        .get("new-provider")
-        .expect("new provider exists");
+    let new_provider = providers.get("new-provider").expect("new provider exists");
     let new_config_text = new_provider
         .settings_config
         .get("config")
@@ -385,11 +396,19 @@ fn provider_service_switch_claude_updates_live_and_state() {
         "live settings.json should reflect new provider auth"
     );
 
-    let providers = state.db.get_all_providers(AppType::Claude.as_str())
+    let providers = state
+        .db
+        .get_all_providers(AppType::Claude.as_str())
         .expect("get all providers");
-    let current_id = state.db.get_current_provider(AppType::Claude.as_str())
+    let current_id = state
+        .db
+        .get_current_provider(AppType::Claude.as_str())
         .expect("get current provider");
-    assert_eq!(current_id.as_deref(), Some("new-provider"), "current provider updated");
+    assert_eq!(
+        current_id.as_deref(),
+        Some("new-provider"),
+        "current provider updated"
+    );
 
     let legacy_provider = providers
         .get("old-provider")
@@ -509,7 +528,9 @@ fn provider_service_delete_codex_removes_provider_and_files() {
     ProviderService::delete(&app_state, AppType::Codex, "to-delete")
         .expect("delete provider should succeed");
 
-    let providers = app_state.db.get_all_providers(AppType::Codex.as_str())
+    let providers = app_state
+        .db
+        .get_all_providers(AppType::Codex.as_str())
         .expect("get all providers");
     assert!(
         !providers.contains_key("to-delete"),
@@ -567,7 +588,9 @@ fn provider_service_delete_claude_removes_provider_files() {
 
     ProviderService::delete(&app_state, AppType::Claude, "delete").expect("delete claude provider");
 
-    let providers = app_state.db.get_all_providers(AppType::Claude.as_str())
+    let providers = app_state
+        .db
+        .get_all_providers(AppType::Claude.as_str())
         .expect("get all providers");
     assert!(
         !providers.contains_key("delete"),
@@ -608,15 +631,18 @@ fn provider_service_delete_current_provider_returns_error() {
         .expect_err("deleting current provider should fail");
     match err {
         AppError::Localized { zh, .. } => assert!(
-            zh.contains("不能删除当前正在使用的供应商") || zh.contains("无法删除当前正在使用的供应商"),
+            zh.contains("不能删除当前正在使用的供应商")
+                || zh.contains("无法删除当前正在使用的供应商"),
             "unexpected message: {zh}"
         ),
         AppError::Config(msg) => assert!(
-            msg.contains("不能删除当前正在使用的供应商") || msg.contains("无法删除当前正在使用的供应商"),
+            msg.contains("不能删除当前正在使用的供应商")
+                || msg.contains("无法删除当前正在使用的供应商"),
             "unexpected message: {msg}"
         ),
         AppError::Message(msg) => assert!(
-            msg.contains("不能删除当前正在使用的供应商") || msg.contains("无法删除当前正在使用的供应商"),
+            msg.contains("不能删除当前正在使用的供应商")
+                || msg.contains("无法删除当前正在使用的供应商"),
             "unexpected message: {msg}"
         ),
         other => panic!("expected Config/Message error, got {other:?}"),