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<div class="body" role="main"><div class="section" id="module-venv"><h1><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-10">28.3. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-venv" title="venv: Creation of virtual environments."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">venv</span></code></a> — 虚拟环境的创建</span></h1><div class="versionadded"><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-11"><span class="versionmodified">版本3.3中的新功能。</span></span></p></div><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-12"><strong>源代码：</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://hg.python.org/cpython/file/3.5/Lib/venv/">Lib / venv /</a></span></p><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-13"><a class="reference internal" href="#module-venv" title="venv: Creation of virtual environments."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">venv</span></code></a> 模块与它们自己的网站目录，选择分离系统站点目录，为创建轻量级的"虚拟环境"提供支持。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-14">每个虚拟环境都有他自己的python二进制文件（允许在里面创建另一个版本的python），同时有自己独立的开发环境，可以在里面安装各种只在这个环境里面使用的包</span></p><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-15">有关Python虚拟环境的更多信息，请参见<span class="target" id="index-1"></span> <a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0405"><strong>PEP 405</strong></a>。</span></p><div class="section" id="creating-virtual-environments"><h2><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-16">28.3.1. </span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-17">Creating virtual environments</span></h2><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-18">创建 <a class="reference internal" href="#venv-def"><span>虚拟环境</span></a> 是通过执行 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pyvenv</span></code> 脚本︰</span></p><div class="highlight-python3"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pyvenv</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">to</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">virtual</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">environment</span>
</pre></div></div><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-19">运行此命令将创建目标目录 （创建任何不存在的父目录） 和 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pyvenv.cfg</span></code> 文件置于具有指向 Python 安装在运行命令从 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">首页</span></code> 键。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-20">它还创建一个 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bin</span></code> （或 Windows <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">脚本</span></code>） 子目录包含 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">python</span></code> 的二进制文件 （或在 Windows 的情况下的二进制文件） 的副本。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-21">它还创建 （最初为空） <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages</span></code> 子目录 （在 Windows 上，这是 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Lib\site 软件包</span></code>）。</span></p><div class="admonition seealso"><p class="first admonition-title"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-22">也可以看看</span></p><p class="last"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-23"><a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/installing/#creating-virtual-environments">Python包装用户指南：创建和使用虚拟环境</a></span></p></div><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-24">在Windows上，如果没有相关的PATH和PATHEXT设置，则可能需要调用<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pyvenv</span></code>脚本：</span></p><div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>c:\Temp&gt;c:\Python35\python c:\Python35\Tools\Scripts\pyvenv.py myenv
<div class="body" role="main"><div class="section" id="module-venv"><h1><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-10">28.3. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-venv" title="venv: Creation of virtual environments."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">venv</span></code></a> — 虚拟环境的创建</span></h1><div class="versionadded"><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-11"><span class="versionmodified">版本3.3中的新功能。</span></span></p></div><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-12"><strong>源代码：</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://hg.python.org/cpython/file/3.5/Lib/venv/">Lib / venv /</a></span></p><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-13"><a class="reference internal" href="#module-venv" title="venv: Creation of virtual environments."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">venv</span></code></a> 模块与它们自己的网站目录，选择分离系统站点目录，为创建轻量级的"虚拟环境"提供支持。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-14">每个虚拟环境都有他自己的python二进制文件（允许在里面创建另一个版本的python），同时有自己独立的开发环境，可以在里面安装各种只在这个环境里面使用的包</span></p><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-15">有关Python虚拟环境的更多信息，请参见<span class="target" id="index-1"></span> <a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0405"><strong>PEP 405</strong></a>。</span></p><div class="section" id="creating-virtual-environments"><h2><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-16">28.3.1. </span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-17">Creating virtual environments</span></h2><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-18">创建 <a class="reference internal" href="#venv-def"><span>虚拟环境</span></a> 是通过执行 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pyvenv</span></code> 脚本︰</span></p><pre><code class="language-python"><span></span><span class="n">pyvenv</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">to</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">virtual</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">environment</span>
</code></pre><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-19">运行此命令将创建目标目录 （创建任何不存在的父目录） 和 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pyvenv.cfg</span></code> 文件置于具有指向 Python 安装在运行命令从 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">首页</span></code> 键。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-20">它还创建一个 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bin</span></code> （或 Windows <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">脚本</span></code>） 子目录包含 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">python</span></code> 的二进制文件 （或在 Windows 的情况下的二进制文件） 的副本。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-21">它还创建 （最初为空） <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages</span></code> 子目录 （在 Windows 上，这是 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Lib\site 软件包</span></code>）。</span></p><div class="admonition seealso"><p class="first admonition-title"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-22">也可以看看</span></p><p class="last"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-23"><a class="reference external" href="https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/installing/#creating-virtual-environments">Python包装用户指南：创建和使用虚拟环境</a></span></p></div><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-24">在Windows上，如果没有相关的PATH和PATHEXT设置，则可能需要调用<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pyvenv</span></code>脚本：</span></p><div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>c:\Temp&gt;c:\Python35\python c:\Python35\Tools\Scripts\pyvenv.py myenv
</pre></div></div><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-25">或等效地：</span></p><div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>c:\Temp&gt;c:\Python35\python -m venv myenv
</pre></div></div><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-26">该命令如果以<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-h</span></code>运行，将显示可用的选项：</span></p><div class="highlight-none"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: venv [-h] [--system-site-packages] [--symlinks | --copies] [--clear]
[--upgrade] [--without-pip]