逻辑运算符通常用于布尔型(逻辑)值。这种情况下,它们返回一个布尔值。然而,&&|| 运算符会返回一个指定操作数的值,因此,这些运算符也用于非布尔值。这时,它们也就会返回一个非布尔型值。

描述

The logical operators are described in the following table (the expressions may be of any type, not just boolean):

运算符 语法 说明
逻辑与,AND(&& expr1 && expr2 expr1 可转换为 true,则返回 expr2;否则,返回 expr1
逻辑或,OR(|| expr1 || expr2 expr1 可转换为 true,则返回 expr1;否则,返回 expr2
逻辑非,NOT(! !expr expr 可转换为 true,则返回 false;否则,返回 true

如果一个值可以被转换为 true,那么这个值就是所谓的 truthy,如果可以被转换为 false,那么这个值就是所谓的 falsy

会被转换为 false 的表达式有:

尽管 &&|| 运算符能够使用非布尔值的操作数, 但它们依然被看作是布尔操作符,因为它们的返回值总是能够被转换为布尔值。

Even though the && and || operators can be used with operands that are not Boolean values, they can still be considered boolean operators since their return values can always be converted to boolean primitives. To explicitly convert their return value (or any expression in general) to the corresponding boolean value, use a double NOT operator or the Boolean constructor.

短路计算

由于逻辑表达式的运算的顺序是从左到右,也可以用以下规则进行"短路"计算:

逻辑规则保证这些评估总是正确的。请注意,上述表达式中的 anything 部分未被评估,因此这样做的任何副作用都不会生效。还要注意,上述表达式的 anything 部分是任何单个逻辑表达式(如圆括号所示)。

例如,下面示例代码中的两个函数是相等的。

Short circuit means that the expr parts above are not evaluated, hence any side effects of doing so do not take effect (e.g., if expr is a function call, the calling never takes place). This happens because the value of the operator is already determined after the evaluation of the first operand. See example:

function A(){ console.log('called A'); return false; }
function B(){ console.log('called B'); return true; }

console.log( A() && B() );
// logs "called A" due to the function call,
// then logs false (which is the resulting value of the operator)

console.log( B() || A() );
// logs "called B" due to the function call,
// then logs true (which is the resulting value of the operator)

Operators precedence

请注意,由于运算符优先级的存在,下面的表达式的结果却不相同。右侧被小括号括起来的操作变成了独立的表达式。

false &&  true || true      // 结果为 true
false && (true || true)     // 结果为 false

逻辑与(&&

下面的代码是 && (逻辑与) 运算符的示例.

a1 = true  && true      // t && t 返回 true
a2 = true  && false     // t && f 返回 false
a3 = false && true      // f && t 返回 false
a4 = false && (3 == 4)  // f && f 返回 false
a5 = "Cat" && "Dog"     // t && t 返回 "Dog"
a6 = false && "Cat"     // f && t 返回 false
a7 = "Cat" && false     // t && f 返回 false
a8 = ''    && false     // f && f 返回 ""
a9 = false && ''        // f && f 返回 false

逻辑或(||

下面的代码是 || (逻辑或) 运算符的示例。

o1 = true  || true      // t || t 返回 true
o2 = false || true      // f || t 返回 true
o3 = true  || false     // t || f 返回 true
o4 = false || (3 == 4)  // f || f 返回 false
o5 = "Cat" || "Dog"     // t || t 返回 "Cat"
o6 = false || "Cat"     // f || t 返回 "Cat"
o7 = "Cat" || false     // t || f 返回 "Cat"
o8 = ''    || false     // f || f 返回 false
o9 = false || ''        // f || f 返回 ""

逻辑非(!

下面的代码是 ! (逻辑非) 运算符的示例.

n1 = !true              // !t 返回 false
n2 = !false             // !f 返回 true
n3 = !''                // !f 返回 true
n4 = !'Cat'             // !t 返回 false

双重非(!!)运算符

It is possible to use a couple of NOT operators in series to explicitly force the conversion of any value to the corresponding boolean primitive. The conversion is based on the "truthyness" or "falsyness" of the value (see truthy and falsy).

The same conversion can be done through the Boolean function.

n1 = !!true                   // !!truthy 返回 true
n2 = !!{}                     // !!truthy 返回 true: 任何 对象都是 truthy 的…
n3 = !!(new Boolean(false))   // …甚至 .valueOf() 返回 false 的布尔值对象也是!
n4 = !!false                  // !!falsy 返回 false
n5 = !!""                     // !!falsy 返回 false
n6 = !!Boolean(false)         // !!falsy 返回 false

布尔值转换规则

将 AND 转换为 OR

以下涉及布尔运算的操作:

bCondition1 && bCondition2

总是等于:

!(!bCondition1 || !bCondition2)

将 OR 转换为 AND

以下涉及布尔运算的操作:

bCondition1 || bCondition2

总是等于:

!(!bCondition1 && !bCondition2)

删除嵌套的小括号

由于逻辑表达式是从左往右计算的,所以,通常可以按照下面的规则删除小括号。

删除嵌套的 AND

以下涉及布尔运算的操作:

bCondition1 || (bCondition2 && bCondition3)

总是等于:

bCondition1 || bCondition2 && bCondition3

删除嵌套的 OR

以下涉及布尔运算的操作:

bCondition1 && (bCondition2 || bCondition3)

总是等于:

!(!bCondition1 || !bCondition2 && !bCondition3)

规范

规范 状态 备注
ECMAScript 1st Edition (ECMA-262) Standard Initial definition.
ECMAScript 5.1 (ECMA-262) Standard Defined in several sections of the specification: Logical NOT Operator, Binary Logical Operators
ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262) Standard Defined in several sections of the specification: Logical NOT Operator, Binary Logical Operators
ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262) Draft Defined in several sections of the specification: Logical NOT Operator, Binary Logical Operators

浏览器兼容性

Update compatibility data on GitHub
DesktopMobileServer
ChromeEdgeFirefoxInternet ExplorerOperaSafariAndroid webviewChrome for AndroidEdge MobileFirefox for AndroidOpera for AndroidSafari on iOSSamsung InternetNode.js
Logical AND (&&)Chrome Full support YesEdge Full support YesFirefox Full support 1IE Full support YesOpera Full support YesSafari Full support YesWebView Android Full support YesChrome Android Full support YesEdge Mobile Full support YesFirefox Android Full support 4Opera Android Full support YesSafari iOS Full support YesSamsung Internet Android Full support Yesnodejs Full support Yes
Logical OR (||)Chrome Full support YesEdge Full support YesFirefox Full support 1IE Full support YesOpera Full support YesSafari Full support YesWebView Android Full support YesChrome Android Full support YesEdge Mobile Full support YesFirefox Android Full support 4Opera Android Full support YesSafari iOS Full support YesSamsung Internet Android Full support Yesnodejs Full support Yes
Logical NOT (!)Chrome Full support YesEdge Full support YesFirefox Full support 1IE Full support YesOpera Full support YesSafari Full support YesWebView Android Full support YesChrome Android Full support YesEdge Mobile Full support YesFirefox Android Full support 4Opera Android Full support YesSafari iOS Full support YesSamsung Internet Android Full support Yesnodejs Full support Yes

Legend

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参见