function*
这种声明方式(function
关键字后跟一个星号)会定义一个生成器函数 (generator function),它返回一个 Generator
对象。
The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples and send us a pull request.
你也可以使用构造函数 GeneratorFunction
或 function* expression
定义生成器函数 。
function* name([param[, param[, ... param]]]) { statements }
name
param
statements
生成器函数在执行时能暂停,后面又能从暂停处继续执行。
调用一个生成器函数并不会马上执行它里面的语句,而是返回一个这个生成器的 迭代器 (iterator )对象。当这个迭代器的 next()
方法被首次(后续)调用时,其内的语句会执行到第一个(后续)出现yield
的位置为止,yield
后紧跟迭代器要返回的值。或者如果用的是 yield*
(多了个星号),则表示将执行权移交给另一个生成器函数(当前生成器暂停执行)。
next()
方法返回一个对象,这个对象包含两个属性:value 和 done,value 属性表示本次 yield
表达式的返回值,done 属性为布尔类型,表示生成器后续是否还有 yield
语句,即生成器函数是否已经执行完毕并返回。
调用 next()
方法时,如果传入了参数,那么这个参数会作为上一条执行的 yield 语句的返回值,例如:
function *gen(){
yield 10;
y=yield 'foo';
yield y;
}
var gen_obj=gen();
console.log(gen_obj.next());// 执行 yield 10,返回 10
console.log(gen_obj.next());// 执行 yield 'foo',返回 'foo'
console.log(gen_obj.next(10));// 将 10 赋给上一条 yield 'foo' 的左值,即执行 y=10,返回 10
console.log(gen_obj.next());// 执行完毕,value 为 undefined,done 为 true
当在生成器函数中显式 return
时,会导致生成器立即变为完成状态,即调用 next()
方法返回的对象的 done
为 true
。如果 return
后面跟了一个值,那么这个值会作为当前调用 next()
方法返回的 value 值。
function* idMaker(){
var index = 0;
while(index<3)
yield index++;
}
var gen = idMaker();
console.log(gen.next().value); // 0
console.log(gen.next().value); // 1
console.log(gen.next().value); // 2
console.log(gen.next().value); // undefined
function* idMaker(){
var index = arguments[0] || 0;
while(true)
yield index++;
}
var gen = idMaker(5);
console.log(gen.next().value); // 5
console.log(gen.next().value); // 6
function* anotherGenerator(i) {
yield i + 1;
yield i + 2;
yield i + 3;
}
function* generator(i){
yield i;
yield* anotherGenerator(i);// 移交执行权
yield i + 10;
}
var gen = generator(10);
console.log(gen.next().value); // 10
console.log(gen.next().value); // 11
console.log(gen.next().value); // 12
console.log(gen.next().value); // 13
console.log(gen.next().value); // 20
function *createIterator() {
let first = yield 1;
let second = yield first + 2; // 4 + 2
// first =4 是next(4)将参数赋给上一条的
yield second + 3; // 5 + 3
}
let iterator = createIterator();
console.log(iterator.next()); // "{ value: 1, done: false }"
console.log(iterator.next(4)); // "{ value: 6, done: false }"
console.log(iterator.next(5)); // "{ value: 8, done: false }"
console.log(iterator.next()); // "{ value: undefined, done: true }"
function* yieldAndReturn() {
yield "Y";
return "R";//显式返回处,可以观察到 done 也立即变为了 true
yield "unreachable";// 不会被执行了
}
var gen = yieldAndReturn()
console.log(gen.next()); // { value: "Y", done: false }
console.log(gen.next()); // { value: "R", done: true }
console.log(gen.next()); // { value: undefined, done: true }
function* f() {}
var obj = new f; // throws "TypeError: f is not a constructor"
function* iterArr(arr) { //迭代器返回一个迭代器对象 if (Array.isArray(arr)) { // 内节点 for(let i=0; i < arr.length; i++) { yield* iterArr(arr[i]); // (*)递归 } } else { // 离开 yield arr; } } // 使用 for-of 遍历: var arr = ['a', ['b', 'c'], ['d', 'e']]; for(var x of iterArr(arr)) { console.log(x); // a b c d e } // 或者直接将迭代器展开: var arr = [ 'a', ['b',[ 'c', ['d', 'e']]]]; var gen = iterArr(arr); arr = [...gen]; // ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
Specification | Status | Comment |
---|---|---|
ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262) function* |
Standard | Initial definition. |
ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262) function* |
Draft |
Desktop | Mobile | Server | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
function* | Chrome Full support 39 | Edge Full support 13 | Firefox Full support 26 | IE No support No | Opera Full support 26 | Safari Full support 10 | WebView Android Full support Yes | Chrome Android Full support 39 | Edge Mobile Full support Yes | Firefox Android Full support 26 | Opera Android Full support Yes | Safari iOS Full support 10 | Samsung Internet Android Full support 4.0 | nodejs
Full support
4.0.0
|
IteratorResult object instead of throwing | Chrome Full support 49 | Edge Full support 13 | Firefox Full support 29 | IE No support No | Opera Full support Yes | Safari Full support Yes | WebView Android Full support Yes | Chrome Android Full support Yes | Edge Mobile Full support Yes | Firefox Android Full support 29 | Opera Android Full support Yes | Safari iOS Full support Yes | Samsung Internet Android Full support Yes | nodejs Full support Yes |
Not constructable with new (ES2016) | Chrome Full support Yes | Edge ? | Firefox Full support 43 | IE No support No | Opera Full support Yes | Safari Full support 10 | WebView Android Full support Yes | Chrome Android Full support Yes | Edge Mobile ? | Firefox Android Full support 43 | Opera Android Full support Yes | Safari iOS Full support 10 | Samsung Internet Android Full support Yes | nodejs Full support Yes |
Trailing comma in parameters | Chrome ? | Edge ? | Firefox Full support 52 | IE No support No | Opera Full support Yes | Safari ? | WebView Android ? | Chrome Android ? | Edge Mobile ? | Firefox Android Full support 52 | Opera Android ? | Safari iOS ? | Samsung Internet Android ? | nodejs Full support 8.0.0 |
旧版本的Firefox实施了旧版本的生成器提案。旧版中用普通的function关键字定义
(没有星号).
IteratorResult
不再抛出错误从Gecko 29 (Firefox 29 / Thunderbird 29 / SeaMonkey 2.26)开始,完成的生成器函数不再抛出TypeError
"generator has already finished". 而是返回一个IteratorResult
对象:{ value: undefined, done: true } (bug 958951)。
function* expression
GeneratorFunction
objectyield
yield*
Function
objectfunction declaration
function expression
Functions and function scope