split()
方法使用指定的分隔符字符串将一个String
对象分割成字符串数组,以将字符串分隔为子字符串,以确定每个拆分的位置。
str.split([separator[, limit]])
Tip: 如果空字符串("")被用作分隔符,则字符串会在每个字符之间分割。
separator
separator
可以是一个字符串或正则表达式。 如果纯文本分隔符包含多个字符,则必须找到整个字符串来表示分割点。如果在str中省略或不出现分隔符,则返回的数组包含一个由整个字符串组成的元素。如果分隔符为空字符串,则将str原字符串中每个字符的数组形式返回。limit
返回源字符串以分隔符出现位置分隔而成的一个 Array
找到分隔符后,将其从字符串中删除,并将子字符串的数组返回。如果没有找到或者省略了分隔符,则该数组包含一个由整个字符串组成的元素。如果分隔符为空字符串,则将str转换为字符数组。如果分隔符出现在字符串的开始或结尾,或两者都分开,分别以空字符串开头,结尾或两者开始和结束。因此,如果字符串仅由一个分隔符实例组成,则该数组由两个空字符串组成。
如果分隔符是包含捕获括号的正则表达式,则每次分隔符匹配时,捕获括号的结果(包括任何未定义的结果)将被拼接到输出数组中。但是,并不是所有浏览器都支持此功能。
split
下例定义了一个函数:根据指定的分隔符将一个字符串分割成一个字符串数组。分隔字符串后,该函数依次输出原始字符串信息,被使用的分隔符,返回数组元素的个数,以及返回数组中所有的元素。
function splitString(stringToSplit, separator) {
var arrayOfStrings = stringToSplit.split(separator);
console.log('The original string is: "' + stringToSplit + '"');
console.log('The separator is: "' + separator + '"');
console.log("The array has " + arrayOfStrings.length + " elements: ");
for (var i=0; i < arrayOfStrings.length; i++)
console.log(arrayOfStrings[i] + " / ");
}
var tempestString = "Oh brave new world that has such people in it.";
var monthString = "Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec";
var space = " ";
var comma = ",";
splitString(tempestString, space);
splitString(tempestString);
splitString(monthString, comma);
上例输出下面结果:
The original string is: "Oh brave new world that has such people in it." The separator is: " " The array has 10 elements: Oh / brave / new / world / that / has / such / people / in / it. / The original string is: "Oh brave new world that has such people in it." The separator is: "undefined" The array has 1 elements: Oh brave new world that has such people in it. / The original string is: "Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec" The separator is: "," The array has 12 elements: Jan / Feb / Mar / Apr / May / Jun / Jul / Aug / Sep / Oct / Nov / Dec /
下例中,split()
方法会查找“0 或多个空白符接着的分号,再接着 0 或多个空白符”模式的字符串,找到后,就将空白符从字符串中移除,nameList
是 split
的返回数组。
var names = "Harry Trump ;Fred Barney; Helen Rigby ; Bill Abel ;Chris Hand ";
console.log(names);
var re = /\s*(?:;|$)\s*/;
var nameList = names.split(re);
console.log(nameList);
上例输出两行,第一行输出原始字符串,第二行输出结果数组。
Harry Trump ;Fred Barney; Helen Rigby ; Bill Abel ;Chris Hand
[ "Harry Trump", "Fred Barney", "Helen Rigby", "Bill Abel", "Chris Hand", "" ]
下例中,split
查找字符串中的 0 或多个空格,并返回找到的前 3 个分割元素(splits)。
var myString = "Hello World. How are you doing?";
var splits = myString.split(" ", 3);
console.log(splits);
上例输出:
["Hello", "World.", "How"]
如果 separator
包含捕获括号(capturing parentheses),则其匹配结果将会包含在返回的数组中。
var myString = "Hello 1 word. Sentence number 2.";
var splits = myString.split(/(\d)/);
console.log(splits);
上例输出:
[ "Hello ", "1", " word. Sentence number ", "2", "." ]
Specification | Status | Comment |
---|---|---|
ECMAScript 3rd Edition. | Standard | Initial definition. Implemented in JavaScript 1.1 |
ECMAScript 5.1 (ECMA-262) String.prototype.split |
Standard | |
ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262) String.prototype.split |
Standard |
Desktop | Mobile | Server | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
split | Chrome Full support Yes | Edge Full support 12 | Firefox Full support 1 | IE Full support Yes | Opera Full support Yes | Safari Full support Yes | WebView Android Full support Yes | Chrome Android Full support Yes | Edge Mobile Full support Yes | Firefox Android Full support 4 | Opera Android Full support Yes | Safari iOS Full support Yes | Samsung Internet Android Full support Yes | nodejs Full support Yes |