async function 声明用于定义一个返回 AsyncFunction 对象的异步函数。异步函数是指通过事件循环异步执行的函数，它会通过一个隐式的 Promise 返回其结果。但是如果你的代码使用了异步函数，它的语法和结构会更像是标准的同步函数。

该交互式demo源文件存储于Github仓库中。如果希望为此交互式项目做出贡献,请 clone https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples 项目并用pull形式向我们的原始仓库发出请求。

语法

async function name([param[, param[, ... param]]]) { statements }

参数

name

函数名称。

param

要传递给函数的参数的名称。

statements

函数体语句。

返回值

一个返回的Promise对象会以async function的返回值进行解析(resolved)，或者以该函数抛出的异常进行回绝(rejected)。

描述

当调用一个 async 函数时，会返回一个 Promise 对象。当这个 async 函数返回一个值时，Promise 的 resolve 方法会负责传递这个值；当 async 函数抛出异常时，Promise 的 reject 方法也会传递这个异常值。

async 函数中可能会有 await 表达式，这会使 async 函数暂停执行，等待 Promise  的结果出来，然后恢复async函数的执行并返回解析值（resolved）。

    注意， await 关键字仅仅在 async function中有效。如果在 async function函数体外使用 await ，你只会得到一个语法错误（SyntaxError）。

示例

简单例子

var resolveAfter2Seconds = function() {
  console.log("starting slow promise");
  return new Promise(resolve => {
    setTimeout(function() {
      resolve("slow");
      console.log("slow promise is done");
    }, 2000);
  });
};

var resolveAfter1Second = function() {
  console.log("starting fast promise");
  return new Promise(resolve => {
    setTimeout(function() {
      resolve("fast");
      console.log("fast promise is done");
    }, 1000);
  });
};

var sequentialStart = async function() {
  console.log('==SEQUENTIAL START==');

  // 1. Execution gets here almost instantly
  const slow = await resolveAfter2Seconds();
  console.log(slow); // 2. this runs 2 seconds after 1.

  const fast = await resolveAfter1Second();
  console.log(fast); // 3. this runs 3 seconds after 1.
}

var concurrentStart = async function() {
  console.log('==CONCURRENT START with await==');
  const slow = resolveAfter2Seconds(); // starts timer immediately
  const fast = resolveAfter1Second(); // starts timer immediately

  // 1. Execution gets here almost instantly
  console.log(await slow); // 2. this runs 2 seconds after 1.
  console.log(await fast); // 3. this runs 2 seconds after 1., immediately after 2., since fast is already resolved
}

var concurrentPromise = function() {
  console.log('==CONCURRENT START with Promise.all==');
  return Promise.all([resolveAfter2Seconds(), resolveAfter1Second()]).then((messages) => {
    console.log(messages[0]); // slow
    console.log(messages[1]); // fast
  });
}

var parallel = async function() {
  console.log('==PARALLEL with await Promise.all==');
  
  // Start 2 "jobs" in parallel and wait for both of them to complete
  await Promise.all([
      (async()=>console.log(await resolveAfter2Seconds()))(),
      (async()=>console.log(await resolveAfter1Second()))()
  ]);
}

// This function does not handle errors. See warning below!
var parallelPromise = function() {
  console.log('==PARALLEL with Promise.then==');
  resolveAfter2Seconds().then((message)=>console.log(message));
  resolveAfter1Second().then((message)=>console.log(message));
}

sequentialStart(); // after 2 seconds, logs "slow", then after 1 more second, "fast"

// wait above to finish
setTimeout(concurrentStart, 4000); // after 2 seconds, logs "slow" and then "fast"

// wait again
setTimeout(concurrentPromise, 7000); // same as concurrentStart

// wait again
setTimeout(parallel, 10000); // truly parallel: after 1 second, logs "fast", then after 1 more second, "slow"

// wait again
setTimeout(parallelPromise, 13000); // same as parallel

通过async函数重写 promise 链

返回 Promise的 API 将会被用于 promise 链，它会将函数分成若干部分。例如下面代码：

function getProcessedData(url) {
  return downloadData(url) // 返回一个 promise 对象
    .catch(e => {
      return downloadFallbackData(url)  // 返回一个 promise 对象
    })
    .then(v => {
      return processDataInWorker(v); // 返回一个 promise 对象
    });
}

可以通过如下所示的一个async函数重写：

async function getProcessedData(url) {
  let v;
  try {
    v = await downloadData(url); 
  } catch (e) {
    v = await downloadFallbackData(url);
  }
  return processDataInWorker(v);
}

注意，在上述示例中，return 语句中没有 await 操作符，因为 async function 的返回值将被隐式地传递给 Promise.resolve。

规范

浏览器兼容性

参见

• async function expression
• AsyncFunction object
• await
• "Decorating Async Javascript Functions" on "innolitics.com"