uTools-Manuals/docs/javascript/Reference/Classes/extends.html

<article id="wikiArticle">
<div></div>
<p><strong><code>extends</code></strong>关键字用于<a href="Reference/Statements/class">类声明</a>或者<a href="Reference/Operators/class">类表达式</a>中，以创建一个类，该类是另一个类的子类。</p>
<h2 id="语法">语法</h2>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">class ChildClass extends ParentClass { ... }</code></pre>
<h2 id="描述">描述</h2>
<p><code>extends</code>关键字用来创建一个普通类或者内建对象的子类。</p>
<p><font face="Open Sans, Arial, sans-serif">继承的</font><code>.prototype</code>必须是一个<a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Object" title="Object 构造函数创建一个对象包装器。"><code>Object</code></a> 或者 <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/null" title="值 null 特指对象的值未设置。它是 JavaScript 基本类型 之一。"><code>null</code></a>。</p>
<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>
<h3 id="使用_extends">使用 <code>extends</code></h3>
<p>第一个例子是根据名为 <code style="font-style: normal;">Polygon</code> 类创建一个名为<code>Square</code>的类。这个例子是从这个<a class="external" href="https://googlechrome.github.io/samples/classes-es6/index.html" rel="noopener">在线演示</a>中提取出来的。</p>
<pre><code  class="language-javascript">class Square extends Polygon {
  constructor(length) {
    // Here, it calls the parent class' constructor with lengths
    // provided for the Polygon's width and height
    super(length, length);
    // Note: In derived classes, super() must be called before you
    // can use 'this'. Leaving this out will cause a reference error.
    this.name = 'Square';
  }

  get area() {
    return this.height * this.width;
  }
}</code></pre>
<h3 id="使用_extends与内置对象">使用 <code>extends</code>与内置对象</h3>
<p>这个示例继承了内置的<a href="Reference/Date" title="此页面仍未被本地化, 期待您的翻译!"><code>Date</code></a>对象。这个例子是从这个<a class="external" href="https://googlechrome.github.io/samples/classes-es6/index.html" rel="noopener">在线演示</a>中提取出来的。</p>
<pre><code  class="language-javascript">class myDate extends Date {
  constructor() {
    super();
  }

  getFormattedDate() {
    var months = ['Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun','Jul','Aug','Sep','Oct','Nov','Dec'];
    return this.getDate() + "-" + months[this.getMonth()] + "-" + this.getFullYear();
  }
}</code></pre>
<h3 id="扩展_null">扩展 <code>null</code></h3>
<p>可以像扩展普通类一样扩展<a href="Reference/Global_Objects/null" title="值 null 特指对象的值未设置。它是 JavaScript 基本类型 之一。"><code>null</code></a>，但是新对象的原型将不会继承 <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Object/prototype" title="Object.prototype 属性表示 Object 的原型对象。"><code>Object.prototype</code></a>。</p>
<pre><code  class="language-javascript">class nullExtends extends null {
  constructor() {}
}

Object.getPrototypeOf(nullExtends); // Function.prototype
Object.getPrototypeOf(nullExtends.prototype) // null

new nullExtends(); //ReferenceError: this is not defined</code></pre>
<h2 id="标准">标准</h2>
<table class="standard-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Specification</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Comment</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-class-definitions" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">extends</small></a></td>
<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
<td>Initial definition.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="external" href="https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-class-definitions" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">extends</small></a></td>
<td><span class="spec-Draft">Draft</span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="浏览器兼容">浏览器兼容</h2>
<div class="hidden">The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out <a class="external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data</a> and send us a pull request.</div>
<p></p><div class="bc-data"><a class="bc-github-link external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">Update compatibility data on GitHub</a><table class="bc-table bc-table-js"><thead><tr class="bc-platforms"><td></td><th class="bc-platform-desktop" colspan="6"><span>Desktop</span></th><th class="bc-platform-mobile" colspan="7"><span>Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-platform-server" colspan="1"><span>Server</span></th></tr><tr class="bc-browsers"><td></td><th class="bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome">Chrome</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge">Edge</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox">Firefox</span></th><th class="bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-ie">Internet Explorer</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera">Opera</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari">Safari</span></th><th class="bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-webview_android">Android webview</span></th><th class="bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome_android">Chrome for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge_mobile">Edge Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox_android">Firefox for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera_android">Opera for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari_ios">Safari on iOS</span></th><th class="bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-samsunginternet_android">Samsung Internet</span></th><th class="bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-nodejs">Node.js</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th scope="row"><code>extends</code></th><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome bc-has-history"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              49<div class="bc-icons"><abbr class="only-icon" title="See implementation notes"><span>Notes</span><i class="ic-footnote"></i></abbr> </div><section class="bc-history" id="sect1"><dl><dt class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports"><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              49<div class="bc-icons"><abbr class="only-icon" title="See implementation notes"><span>Notes</span><i class="ic-footnote"></i></abbr> </div></dt><dd><abbr class="only-icon" title="See implementation notes"><span>Notes</span><i class="ic-footnote"></i></abbr> From Chrome 42 to 48 strict mode is required. Non-strict mode support can be enabled using the flag "Enable Experimental JavaScript".</dd></dl></section></td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              13</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              45</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-browser-name">IE</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
<span>No support</span>
</abbr>
              No</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              36</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              9</td><td class="bc-supports-unknown bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">WebView Android</span><abbr title="Compatibility unknown; please update this.">
                ?
              </abbr></td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge Mobile</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              13</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              45</td><td class="bc-supports-unknown bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera Android</span><abbr title="Compatibility unknown; please update this.">
                ?
              </abbr></td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari iOS</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              9</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Samsung Internet Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-nodejs bc-has-history"><span class="bc-browser-name">nodejs</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              6.0.0<div class="bc-icons"></div><section class="bc-history" id="sect2"><dl><dt class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports"><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              6.0.0<div class="bc-icons"></div></dt><dd></dd><dt class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports"><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              4.0.0<div class="bc-icons"><abbr class="only-icon" title="User must explicitly enable this feature."><span>Disabled</span><i class="ic-disabled"></i></abbr> </div></dt><dd><abbr class="only-icon" title="User must explicitly enable this feature."><span>Disabled</span><i class="ic-disabled"></i></abbr> From version 4.0.0: this feature is behind the <code>--use_strict</code> runtime flag.</dd><dt class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports"><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              5.0.0<div class="bc-icons"><abbr class="only-icon" title="User must explicitly enable this feature."><span>Disabled</span><i class="ic-disabled"></i></abbr> </div></dt><dd><abbr class="only-icon" title="User must explicitly enable this feature."><span>Disabled</span><i class="ic-disabled"></i></abbr> From version 5.0.0: this feature is behind the <code>--harmony</code> runtime flag.</dd></dl></section></td></tr></tbody></table><section class="bc-legend" id="sect3"><h3 class="offscreen" id="Legend">Legend</h3><dl><dt><span class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports">
<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
                  
                </abbr></span></dt><dd>Full support</dd><dt><span class="bc-supports-no bc-supports">
<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
<span>No support</span>
                  
                </abbr></span></dt><dd>No support</dd><dt><span class="bc-supports-unknown bc-supports">
<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-unknown only-icon" title="Compatibility unknown">
<span>Compatibility unknown</span>
                  
                </abbr></span></dt><dd>Compatibility unknown</dd><dt><abbr class="only-icon" title="See implementation notes."><span>See implementation notes.</span><i class="ic-footnote"></i></abbr></dt><dd>See implementation notes.</dd><dt><abbr class="only-icon" title="User must explicitly enable this feature."><span>User must explicitly enable this feature.</span><i class="ic-disabled"></i></abbr></dt><dd>User must explicitly enable this feature.</dd></dl></section></div><p></p>
<h2 id="扩展阅读">扩展阅读</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="Reference/Classes">类</a></li>
<li><a href="Reference/Operators/super">super</a></li>
</ul>
</article>