uTools-Manuals/docs/javascript/Reference/Functions/set.html

<article id="wikiArticle">
<div></div>
<p>当尝试设置属性时，<strong><code>set</code></strong>语法将对象属性绑定到要调用的函数。</p>
<div><iframe class="interactive interactive-js" frameborder="0" height="250" src="https://interactive-examples.mdn.mozilla.net/pages/js/functions-setter.html" width="100%"></iframe></div>
<p class="hidden">The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone <a class="external" href="https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples" rel="noopener">https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples</a> and send us a pull request.</p>
<h2 id="语法">语法</h2>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">{set <em>prop</em>(<em>val</em>) { . . . }}
{set [expression](<em>val</em>) { . . . }}</code></pre>
<h3 id="参数">参数</h3>
<dl>
<dt><code>prop</code></dt>
<dd>要绑定到给定函数的属性名。</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>val</code></dt>
<dd>用于保存尝试分配给<code>prop</code>的值的变量的一个别名。</dd>
<dt>表达式</dt>
<dd>从 ECMAScript 2015 开始，还可以使用一个计算属性名的表达式绑定到给定的函数。</dd>
</dl>
<h2 id="描述">描述</h2>
<p>在 javascript 中，如果试着改变一个属性的值，那么对应的 setter 将被执行。setter 经常和 getter 连用以创建一个伪属性。不可能在具有真实值的属性上同时拥有一个 setter 器。</p>
<p>使用 set 语法时请注意：</p>
<div>
<ul>
<li>它的标识符可以是数字或字符串；</li>
<li>它必须有一个明确的参数 （详见 <a class="external" href="http://whereswalden.com/2010/08/22/incompatible-es5-change-literal-getter-and-setter-functions-must-now-have-exactly-zero-or-one-arguments/" rel="external nofollow noopener">Incompatible <abbr title="ECMAScript 5th edition">ES5</abbr> change: literal getter and setter functions must now have exactly zero or one arguments</a>）；</li>
<li>在对象字面量中，不能为一个已有真实值的变量使用 set ，也不能为一个属性设置多个 set。<br/>
  ( <code>{ set x(v) { }, set x(v) { } }</code> 和 <code>{ x: ..., set x(v) { } }</code> 是不允许的 )</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>setter 可以用<code><a href="Reference/Operators/delete">delete</a></code>操作来移除。</p>
<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>
<h3 id="Example:_Defining_a_getter_with_the_get_operator" name="Example:_Defining_a_getter_with_the_get_operator">在对象初始化时定义 setter</h3>
<p>这将定义一个对象 <font face="consolas, Liberation Mono, courier, monospace">language</font> 的伪属性<code>current</code>，当分配一个值时，将使用该值更新<code>log</code>：</p>
<pre><code  class="language-javascript">var language = {
  set current(name) {
    this.log.push(name);
  },
  log: []
}

language.current = 'EN';
console.log(language.log); // ['EN']

language.current = 'FA';
console.log(language.log); // ['EN', 'FA']</code></pre>
<p>请注意，<code>current</code>属性是未定义的，访问它时将会返回 <code>undefined</code>。</p>
<h3 id="Example:_Removing_a_setter_with_the_delete_operator" name="Example:_Removing_a_setter_with_the_delete_operator">用 <code>delete</code> 操作符移除一个 setter</h3>
<p>我们可以使用<code><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/delete">delete</a></code>操作符移除 setter。</p>
<pre><code  class="language-javascript">delete o.current;
</code></pre>
<h3 id="使用_defineProperty_为当前对象定义_setter">使用 <code>defineProperty</code> 为当前对象定义 setter</h3>
<p>我们可以随时使用 <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineProperty" title="Object.defineProperty() 方法会直接在一个对象上定义一个新属性，或者修改一个对象的现有属性， 并返回这个对象。"><code>Object.defineProperty()</code></a> 给一个已经存在的对象添加一个 setter。</p>
<pre><code  class="language-javascript">var o = { a:0 };

Object.defineProperty(o, "b", { set: function (x) { this.a = x / 2; } });

o.b = 10; // Runs the setter, which assigns 10 / 2 (5) to the 'a' property
console.log(o.a) // 5</code></pre>
<h3 id="使用计算属性名">使用计算属性名</h3>
<pre><code  class="language-javascript">var expr = "foo";

var obj = {
  baz: "bar",
  set [expr](v) { this.baz = v; }
};

console.log(obj.baz); // "bar"
obj.foo = "baz";      // run the setter
console.log(obj.baz); // "baz"
</code></pre>
<h2 id="规范"><span class="def"><span>规范</span></span></h2>
<table class="standard-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Specification</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Comment</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-11.1.5" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 5.1 (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Object Initializer</small></a></td>
<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
<td>Initial definition.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-method-definitions" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Method definitions</small></a></td>
<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
<td>Added computed property names.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="external" href="https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-method-definitions" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Method definitions</small></a></td>
<td><span class="spec-Draft">Draft</span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="浏览器兼容">浏览器兼容</h2>
<div class="hidden">The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out <a class="external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data</a> and send us a pull request.</div>
<p></p><div class="bc-data"><a class="bc-github-link external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">Update compatibility data on GitHub</a><table class="bc-table bc-table-js"><thead><tr class="bc-platforms"><td></td><th class="bc-platform-desktop" colspan="6"><span>Desktop</span></th><th class="bc-platform-mobile" colspan="7"><span>Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-platform-server" colspan="1"><span>Server</span></th></tr><tr class="bc-browsers"><td></td><th class="bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome">Chrome</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge">Edge</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox">Firefox</span></th><th class="bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-ie">Internet Explorer</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera">Opera</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari">Safari</span></th><th class="bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-webview_android">Android webview</span></th><th class="bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome_android">Chrome for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge_mobile">Edge Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox_android">Firefox for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera_android">Opera for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari_ios">Safari on iOS</span></th><th class="bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-samsunginternet_android">Samsung Internet</span></th><th class="bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-nodejs">Node.js</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th scope="row"><code>set</code></th><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              1</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              2</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-browser-name">IE</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              9</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              9.5</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              3</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">WebView Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              1</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              18</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge Mobile</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              4</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari iOS</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Samsung Internet Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-browser-name">nodejs</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Computed property names</th><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              46</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              34</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-browser-name">IE</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
<span>No support</span>
</abbr>
              No</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              47</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
<span>No support</span>
</abbr>
              No</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">WebView Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              46</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              46</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge Mobile</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              34</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari iOS</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
<span>No support</span>
</abbr>
              No</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Samsung Internet Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              5.0</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-browser-name">nodejs</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td></tr></tbody></table><section class="bc-legend" id="sect1"><h3 class="offscreen" id="Legend">Legend</h3><dl><dt><span class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports">
<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
                  
                </abbr></span></dt><dd>Full support</dd><dt><span class="bc-supports-no bc-supports">
<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
<span>No support</span>
                  
                </abbr></span></dt><dd>No support</dd></dl></section></div><p></p>
<h2 id="See_also" name="See_also">相关链接</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="Reference/Functions/get">getter</a></li>
<li><a href="Reference/Operators/delete" title="delete 操作符用于删除对象的某个属性；如果没有指向这个属性的引用，那它最终会被释放。"><code>delete</code></a></li>
<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineProperty" title="Object.defineProperty() 方法会直接在一个对象上定义一个新属性，或者修改一个对象的现有属性， 并返回这个对象。"><code>Object.defineProperty()</code></a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineGetter" rel="nofollow" title="此页面仍未被本地化, 期待您的翻译!"><code>__defineGetter__</code></a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineSetter" rel="nofollow" title="此页面仍未被本地化, 期待您的翻译!"><code>__defineSetter__</code></a></li>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_Objects#Defining_getters_and_setters">Defining Getters and Setters</a> in JavaScript Guide</li>
</ul>
</article>