uTools-Manuals/docs/javascript/Reference/Global_Objects/AsyncFunction.html

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<p><code>AsyncFunction</code> 构造函数用来创建新的 <a href="Reference/Statements/async_function" title="async function 声明用于定义一个返回 AsyncFunction 对象的异步函数。异步函数是指通过事件循环异步执行的函数，它会通过一个隐式的 Promise 返回其结果。但是如果你的代码使用了异步函数，它的语法和结构会更像是标准的同步函数。"><code>异步函数</code></a> 对象，JavaScript 中每个异步函数都是  <code>AsyncFunction</code> 的对象。</p>
<p>注意，<code>AsyncFunction</code> 并不是一个全局对象，需要通过下面的方法来获取：</p>
<pre><code  class="language-javascript">Object.getPrototypeOf(async function(){}).constructor
</code></pre>
<h2 id="语法">语法</h2>
<pre><code class="language-javascript"><code>new AsyncFunction([<var>arg1</var>[, <var>arg2</var>[, ...<var>argN</var>]],] <var>functionBody</var>)</code></code></pre>
<h3 id="参数">参数</h3>
<dl>
<dt><code>arg1, arg2, ... arg<em>N</em></code></dt>
<dd>函数的参数名，它们是符合 JavaScript 标示符规范的一个或多个用逗号隔开的字符串。例如 <code>x</code>、<code>theValue</code>、或 <code>a,b</code>。</dd>
<dt><code>functionBody</code></dt>
<dd>一段字符串形式的 JavaScript 语句，这些语句组成了新函数的定义。</dd>
</dl>
<h2 id="描述">描述</h2>
<p>执行 <code>AsyncFunction</code> 构造函数的时候，会创建一个 <a href="Reference/Statements/async_function" title="async function 声明用于定义一个返回 AsyncFunction 对象的异步函数。异步函数是指通过事件循环异步执行的函数，它会通过一个隐式的 Promise 返回其结果。但是如果你的代码使用了异步函数，它的语法和结构会更像是标准的同步函数。"><code>异步函数</code></a> 对象。但是这种方式不如先用 <a class="new" href="Reference/Operators/async_function" rel="nofollow" title="此页面仍未被本地化, 期待您的翻译!"><code>异步函数表达式</code></a> 定义一个异步函数，然后再调用其来创建 <a href="Reference/Statements/async_function" title="async function 声明用于定义一个返回 AsyncFunction 对象的异步函数。异步函数是指通过事件循环异步执行的函数，它会通过一个隐式的 Promise 返回其结果。但是如果你的代码使用了异步函数，它的语法和结构会更像是标准的同步函数。"><code>异步函数</code></a> 对象来的高效，因为第二种方式中异步函数是与其他代码一起被解释器解析的，而第一种方式的函数体是单独解析的。</p>
<p>传递给 <code>AsyncFunction</code> 构造函数的所有参数，都会成为新函数中的变量，变量的名称和定义顺序与各参数相同。 </p>
<div class="note">
<p><strong>注意：使用</strong> <code>AsyncFunction</code> 构造函数创建的<a href="Reference/Statements/async_function" title="async function 声明用于定义一个返回 AsyncFunction 对象的异步函数。异步函数是指通过事件循环异步执行的函数，它会通过一个隐式的 Promise 返回其结果。但是如果你的代码使用了异步函数，它的语法和结构会更像是标准的同步函数。"><code>异步函数</code></a> 并不会在当前上下文中创建闭包，其作用域始终是全局的。因此运行的时候只能访问它们自己的本地变量和全局变量，但不能访问构造函数被调用的那个作用域中的变量。这是它与 <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/eval" title="执行指定代码之后的返回值。如果返回值为空，返回undefined"><code>eval</code></a> 不同的地方。</p>
</div>
<p>调用 <code>AsyncFunction</code> 构造函数时可以省略 <code>new</code>，其效果是一样的。</p>
<h2 id="属性">属性</h2>
<dl>
<dt><code><strong>AsyncFunction.length</strong></code></dt>
<dd><code>AsyncFunction</code> 构造函数的 length 属性，值为 1。</dd>
<dt><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/AsyncFunction/prototype" title="AsyncFunction.prototype 属性表示 AsyncFunction 的原型对象。"><code>AsyncFunction.prototype</code></a></dt>
<dd>通过原型对象可以为所有异步函数对象定义额外的属性。</dd>
</dl>
<h2 id="AsyncFunction_原型对象"><code>AsyncFunction</code> 原型对象</h2>
<h3 id="属性_2">属性</h3>
<div><dl>
<dt><code><strong>AsyncFunction.constructor</strong></code></dt>
<dd>默认值为 <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/AsyncFunction" title="AsyncFunction 构造函数用来创建新的 异步函数 对象，JavaScript 中每个异步函数都是  AsyncFunction 的对象。"><code>AsyncFunction</code></a>。</dd>
<dt><code><strong>AsyncFunction.prototype[@@toStringTag]</strong></code></dt>
<dd>返回 "AsyncFunction"。</dd>
</dl></div>
<h2 id="AsyncFunction_实例"><code>AsyncFunction</code> 实例</h2>
<p><code>AsyncFunction</code> 实例继承了 <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/AsyncFunction/prototype" title="AsyncFunction.prototype 属性表示 AsyncFunction 的原型对象。"><code>AsyncFunction.prototype</code></a> 的方法和属性。和所有构造函数一样，修改 <code>AsyncFunction</code> 构造函数的原型对象会同时对所有 <code>AsyncFunction</code> 实例上生效。</p>
<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>
<h3 id="通过_AsyncFunction_构造器创建一个异步函数">通过 <code>AsyncFunction</code> 构造器创建一个异步函数</h3>
<pre><code  class="language-javascript">function resolveAfter2Seconds(x) {
  return new Promise(resolve =&gt; {
    setTimeout(() =&gt; {
      resolve(x);
    }, 2000);
  });
}

var AsyncFunction = Object.getPrototypeOf(async function(){}).constructor;
var a = new AsyncFunction('a', 
                          'b',
                          'return await resolveAfter2Seconds(a) + await resolveAfter2Seconds(b);');
a(10, 20).then(v =&gt; {
  console.log(v); // 4 秒后打印 30
});
</code></pre>
<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>
<table class="standard-table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Specification</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Comment</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a class="external" href="https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-async-function-objects" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">AsyncFunction object</small></a></td>
<td><span class="spec-Draft">Draft</span></td>
<td>ES2017 中的初始定义</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>
<div class="hidden">The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out <a class="external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data</a> and send us a pull request.</div>
<div><div class="bc-data"><a class="bc-github-link external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">Update compatibility data on GitHub</a><table class="bc-table bc-table-js"><thead><tr class="bc-platforms"><td></td><th class="bc-platform-desktop" colspan="6"><span>Desktop</span></th><th class="bc-platform-mobile" colspan="7"><span>Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-platform-server" colspan="1"><span>Server</span></th></tr><tr class="bc-browsers"><td></td><th class="bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome">Chrome</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge">Edge</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox">Firefox</span></th><th class="bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-ie">Internet Explorer</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera">Opera</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari">Safari</span></th><th class="bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-webview_android">Android webview</span></th><th class="bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome_android">Chrome for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge_mobile">Edge Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox_android">Firefox for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera_android">Opera for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari_ios">Safari on iOS</span></th><th class="bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-samsunginternet_android">Samsung Internet</span></th><th class="bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-nodejs">Node.js</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th scope="row"><code>AsyncFunction</code></th><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              55</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              15</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              52</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-browser-name">IE</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
<span>No support</span>
</abbr>
              No</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              42</td><td class="bc-supports-unknown bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari</span><abbr title="Compatibility unknown; please update this.">
                ?
              </abbr></td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">WebView Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              55</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              55</td><td class="bc-supports-unknown bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge Mobile</span><abbr title="Compatibility unknown; please update this.">
                ?
              </abbr></td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              52</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              42</td><td class="bc-supports-unknown bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari iOS</span><abbr title="Compatibility unknown; please update this.">
                ?
              </abbr></td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Samsung Internet Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              6.0</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-nodejs bc-has-history"><span class="bc-browser-name">nodejs</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              7.6.0<div class="bc-icons"></div><section class="bc-history" id="sect1"><dl><dt class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports"><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              7.6.0<div class="bc-icons"></div></dt><dd></dd><dt class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports"><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              7.0.0<div class="bc-icons"><abbr class="only-icon" title="User must explicitly enable this feature."><span>Disabled</span><i class="ic-disabled"></i></abbr> </div></dt><dd><abbr class="only-icon" title="User must explicitly enable this feature."><span>Disabled</span><i class="ic-disabled"></i></abbr> From version 7.0.0: this feature is behind the <code>--harmony</code> runtime flag.</dd></dl></section></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/AsyncFunction/prototype"><code>prototype</code></a></th><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              55</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              15</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              52</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-browser-name">IE</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
<span>No support</span>
</abbr>
              No</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              42</td><td class="bc-supports-unknown bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari</span><abbr title="Compatibility unknown; please update this.">
                ?
              </abbr></td><td class="bc-supports-unknown bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">WebView Android</span><abbr title="Compatibility unknown; please update this.">
                ?
              </abbr></td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              55</td><td class="bc-supports-unknown bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge Mobile</span><abbr title="Compatibility unknown; please update this.">
                ?
              </abbr></td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              52</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              42</td><td class="bc-supports-unknown bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari iOS</span><abbr title="Compatibility unknown; please update this.">
                ?
              </abbr></td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Samsung Internet Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              6.0</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-nodejs bc-has-history"><span class="bc-browser-name">nodejs</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              7.6.0<div class="bc-icons"></div><section class="bc-history" id="sect2"><dl><dt class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports"><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              7.6.0<div class="bc-icons"></div></dt><dd></dd><dt class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports"><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              7.0.0<div class="bc-icons"><abbr class="only-icon" title="User must explicitly enable this feature."><span>Disabled</span><i class="ic-disabled"></i></abbr> </div></dt><dd><abbr class="only-icon" title="User must explicitly enable this feature."><span>Disabled</span><i class="ic-disabled"></i></abbr> From version 7.0.0: this feature is behind the <code>--harmony</code> runtime flag.</dd></dl></section></td></tr></tbody></table><section class="bc-legend" id="sect3"><h3 class="offscreen" id="Legend">Legend</h3><dl><dt><span class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports">
<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
                  
                </abbr></span></dt><dd>Full support</dd><dt><span class="bc-supports-no bc-supports">
<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
<span>No support</span>
                  
                </abbr></span></dt><dd>No support</dd><dt><span class="bc-supports-unknown bc-supports">
<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-unknown only-icon" title="Compatibility unknown">
<span>Compatibility unknown</span>
                  
                </abbr></span></dt><dd>Compatibility unknown</dd><dt><abbr class="only-icon" title="User must explicitly enable this feature."><span>User must explicitly enable this feature.</span><i class="ic-disabled"></i></abbr></dt><dd>User must explicitly enable this feature.</dd></dl></section></div></div>
<h2 id="参见">参见</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="Reference/Statements/async_function" title="async function 声明用于定义一个返回 AsyncFunction 对象的异步函数。异步函数是指通过事件循环异步执行的函数，它会通过一个隐式的 Promise 返回其结果。但是如果你的代码使用了异步函数，它的语法和结构会更像是标准的同步函数。"><code>async function function</code></a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="Reference/Operators/async_function" rel="nofollow" title="此页面仍未被本地化, 期待您的翻译!"><code>async function expression</code></a></li>
<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Function" title="Function 构造函数 创建一个新的Function对象。 在 JavaScript 中, 每个函数实际上都是一个Function对象。"><code>Function</code></a></li>
<li><a href="Reference/Statements/function" title="函数声明定义一个具有指定参数的函数。"><code>function statement</code></a></li>
<li><a href="Reference/Operators/function" title="function 关键字可以用来在一个表达式中定义一个函数。"><code>function expression</code></a></li>
<li><a href="Reference/Functions_and_function_scope" title="此页面仍未被本地化, 期待您的翻译!">Functions and function scope</a></li>
</ul>
</article>