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128 lines
11 KiB
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<article id="wikiArticle">
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<div></div>
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<div> </div>
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<p><strong><code>async function</code></strong> 关键字用来在表达式中定义异步函数。当然，你也可以用 <a href="Reference/Statements/async_function" title="async function 声明用于定义一个返回 AsyncFunction 对象的异步函数。异步函数是指通过事件循环异步执行的函数，它会通过一个隐式的 Promise 返回其结果。但是如果你的代码使用了异步函数，它的语法和结构会更像是标准的同步函数。"><code>异步函数语句</code></a> 来定义。</p>
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<h2 id="语法">语法</h2>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">async function [<em>name</em>]([<em>param1</em>[, <em>param2[</em>, ..., <em>paramN</em>]]]) { <em>statements </em>}</code></pre>
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<h3 id="参数">参数</h3>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>name</code></dt>
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<dd>此异步函数的名称，可省略。如果省略则这个函数将成为匿名函数。该名称仅可在本函数中使用。</dd>
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<dt><code>paramN</code></dt>
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<dd>传入函数的形参名称。</dd>
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<dt><code>statements</code></dt>
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<dd>组成函数体的语句。</dd>
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</dl>
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<h2 id="描述">描述</h2>
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<p>异步函数表达式与 <a href="Reference/Statements/async_function" title="async function 声明用于定义一个返回 AsyncFunction 对象的异步函数。异步函数是指通过事件循环异步执行的函数，它会通过一个隐式的 Promise 返回其结果。但是如果你的代码使用了异步函数，它的语法和结构会更像是标准的同步函数。"><code>异步函数语句</code></a> 非常相似，语法也基本相同。它们之间的主要区别在于异步函数表达式可以省略函数名称来创建一个匿名函数。另外，异步函数表达式还可以用在 <a class="glossaryLink" href="/en-US/docs/Glossary/IIFE" title="IIFE: An IIFE (Immediately Invoked Function Expression) is a JavaScript function that runs as soon as it is defined.">IIFE</a> (立即执行函数表达式，Immediately Invoked Function Expression) 中，更多信息见 <a class="new" href="Reference/Reference/Functions" rel="nofollow" title="此页面仍未被本地化, 期待您的翻译!"><code>函数</code></a>。</p>
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<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>
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<h3 id="一个简单例子">一个简单例子</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">function resolveAfter2Seconds(x) {
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return new Promise(resolve => {
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setTimeout(() => {
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resolve(x);
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}, 2000);
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});
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};
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// async function expression assigned to a variable
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var add1 = async function(x) {
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var a = await resolveAfter2Seconds(20);
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var b = await resolveAfter2Seconds(30);
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return x + a + b;
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}
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add1(10).then(v => {
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console.log(v); // 4 秒后打印 60
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});
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(async function(x) { // async function expression used as an IIFE
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var p_a = resolveAfter2Seconds(20);
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var p_b = resolveAfter2Seconds(30);
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return x + await p_a + await p_b;
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})(10).then(v => {
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console.log(v); // 2 秒后打印 60
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});
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>
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<table class="standard-table">
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th scope="col">Specification</th>
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<th scope="col">Status</th>
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<th scope="col">Comment</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-async-function-definitions" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">async function</small></a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Draft">Draft</span></td>
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<td>ES2017 中的初始定义</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>
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<div><div class="bc-data"><a class="bc-github-link external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">Update compatibility data on GitHub</a><table class="bc-table bc-table-js"><thead><tr class="bc-platforms"><td></td><th class="bc-platform-desktop" colspan="6"><span>Desktop</span></th><th class="bc-platform-mobile" colspan="7"><span>Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-platform-server" colspan="1"><span>Server</span></th></tr><tr class="bc-browsers"><td></td><th class="bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome">Chrome</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge">Edge</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox">Firefox</span></th><th class="bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-ie">Internet Explorer</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera">Opera</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari">Safari</span></th><th class="bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-webview_android">Android webview</span></th><th class="bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome_android">Chrome for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge_mobile">Edge Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox_android">Firefox for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera_android">Opera for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari_ios">Safari on iOS</span></th><th class="bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-samsunginternet_android">Samsung Internet</span></th><th class="bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-nodejs">Node.js</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th scope="row"><a class="new" href="Reference/Operators/async_function" rel="nofollow"><code>async function</code> expression</a></th><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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55</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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15</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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52</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-browser-name">IE</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
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<span>No support</span>
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</abbr>
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No</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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42</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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10.1</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">WebView Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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55</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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55</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge Mobile</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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15</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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52</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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42</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari iOS</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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10.1</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Samsung Internet Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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6.0</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-nodejs bc-has-history"><span class="bc-browser-name">nodejs</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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7.6.0<div class="bc-icons"></div><section class="bc-history" id="sect1"><dl><dt class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports"><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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7.6.0<div class="bc-icons"></div></dt><dd></dd><dt class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports"><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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7.0.0<div class="bc-icons"><abbr class="only-icon" title="User must explicitly enable this feature."><span>Disabled</span><i class="ic-disabled"></i></abbr> </div></dt><dd><abbr class="only-icon" title="User must explicitly enable this feature."><span>Disabled</span><i class="ic-disabled"></i></abbr> From version 7.0.0: this feature is behind the <code>--harmony</code> runtime flag.</dd></dl></section></td></tr></tbody></table><section class="bc-legend" id="sect2"><h3 class="offscreen" id="Legend">Legend</h3><dl><dt><span class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports">
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<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr></span></dt><dd>Full support</dd><dt><span class="bc-supports-no bc-supports">
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<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
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<span>No support</span>
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</abbr></span></dt><dd>No support</dd><dt><abbr class="only-icon" title="User must explicitly enable this feature."><span>User must explicitly enable this feature.</span><i class="ic-disabled"></i></abbr></dt><dd>User must explicitly enable this feature.</dd></dl></section></div></div>
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<h2 id="相关链接">相关链接</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="Reference/Statements/async_function" title="async function 声明用于定义一个返回 AsyncFunction 对象的异步函数。异步函数是指通过事件循环异步执行的函数，它会通过一个隐式的 Promise 返回其结果。但是如果你的代码使用了异步函数，它的语法和结构会更像是标准的同步函数。"><code>异步函数语句</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/AsyncFunction" title="AsyncFunction 构造函数用来创建新的 异步函数 对象，JavaScript 中每个异步函数都是 AsyncFunction 的对象。"><code>AsyncFunction</code></a> 对象</li>
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<li><a href="Reference/Operators/await" title="await 操作符用于等待一个Promise 对象。它只能在异步函数 async function 中使用。"><code>await 操作符</code></a></li>
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</ul>
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</article> |