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166 lines
14 KiB
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<article id="wikiArticle">
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<div></div>
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<p><strong><code>splice()</code></strong> 方法通过删除或替换现有元素或者原地添加新的元素来修改数组,并以数组形式返回被修改的内容。此方法会改变原数组。</p>
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<div><iframe class="interactive interactive-js" frameborder="0" height="250" src="https://interactive-examples.mdn.mozilla.net/pages/js/array-splice.html" width="100%"></iframe></div>
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<p class="hidden">交互范例的源码储存于 GitHub 仓库。想要参与此项目，可 clone <a class="external" href="https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples" rel="noopener">https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples</a> 并发送 pull request 给我们。</p>
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<h2 id="语法">语法</h2>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript"><var>array</var>.splice(<var>start[</var>, <var>deleteCount[</var>, <var>item1[</var>, <var>item2[</var>, <em>...]]]]</em>)
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="参数">参数</h3>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>start</code></dt>
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<dd>指定修改的开始位置（从0计数）。如果超出了数组的长度，则从数组末尾开始添加内容；如果是负值，则表示从数组末位开始的第几位（从-1计数，这意味着-n是倒数第n个元素并且等价于<code>array.length-n</code>）；如果负数的绝对值大于数组的长度，则表示开始位置为第0位。</dd>
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<dt><code>deleteCount</code> <span class="inlineIndicator optional optionalInline">可选</span></dt>
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<dd>整数，表示要移除的数组元素的个数。</dd>
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<dd>如果 <code>deleteCount</code> 大于 <code>start</code> 之后的元素的总数，则从 <code>start</code> 后面的元素都将被删除（含第 <code>start</code> 位）。</dd>
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<dd>如果 <code>deleteCount</code> 被省略了，或者它的值大于等于<code>array.length - start</code>(也就是说，如果它大于或者等于<code>start</code>之后的所有元素的数量)，那么<code>start</code>之后数组的所有元素都会被删除。</dd>
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<dd>如果 <code>deleteCount</code> 是 0 或者负数，则不移除元素。这种情况下，至少应添加一个新元素。</dd>
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<dt><code>item1, item2, <em>...</em></code> <span class="inlineIndicator optional optionalInline">可选</span></dt>
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<dd>要添加进数组的元素,从<code><var>start</var></code> 位置开始。如果不指定，则 <code>splice()</code> 将只删除数组元素。</dd>
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</dl>
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<h3 id="返回值">返回值</h3>
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<p>由被删除的元素组成的一个数组。如果只删除了一个元素，则返回只包含一个元素的数组。如果没有删除元素，则返回空数组。</p>
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<h2 id="描述">描述</h2>
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<p>如果添加进数组的元素个数不等于被删除的元素个数，数组的长度会发生相应的改变。</p>
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<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>
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<h3 id="从第_2_位开始删除_0_个元素，插入“drum”">从第 2 位开始删除 0 个元素，插入“drum”</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">var myFish = ["angel", "clown", "mandarin", "surgeon"];
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var removed = myFish.splice(2, 0, "drum");
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// 运算后的 myFish: ["angel", "clown", "drum", "mandarin", "surgeon"]
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// 被删除的元素: [], 没有元素被删除
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="从第_2_位开始删除_0_个元素，插入“drum”_和_guitar">从第 2 位开始删除 0 个元素，插入“drum” 和 "guitar"</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">var myFish = ['angel', 'clown', 'mandarin', 'sturgeon'];
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var removed = myFish.splice(2, 0, 'drum', 'guitar');
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// 运算后的 myFish: ["angel", "clown", "drum", "guitar", "mandarin", "sturgeon"]
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// 被删除的元素: [], 没有元素被删除
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="从第_3_位开始删除_1_个元素">从第 3 位开始删除 1 个元素</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">var myFish = ['angel', 'clown', 'drum', 'mandarin', 'sturgeon'];
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var removed = myFish.splice(3, 1);
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// 运算后的 myFish: ["angel", "clown", "drum", "sturgeon"]
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// 被删除的元素: ["mandarin"]
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="从第_2_位开始删除_1_个元素，插入“trumpet”">从第 2 位开始删除 1 个元素，插入“trumpet”</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">var myFish = ['angel', 'clown', 'drum', 'sturgeon'];
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var removed = myFish.splice(2, 1, "trumpet");
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// 运算后的 myFish: ["angel", "clown", "trumpet", "surgeon"]
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// 被删除的元素: ["drum"]
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="从第_0_位开始删除_2_个元素，插入parrot、anemone和blue">从第 0 位开始删除 2 个元素，插入"parrot"、"anemone"和"blue"</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">var myFish = ['angel', 'clown', 'trumpet', 'sturgeon'];
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var removed = myFish.splice(0, 2, 'parrot', 'anemone', 'blue');
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// 运算后的 myFish: ["parrot", "anemone", "blue", "trumpet", "sturgeon"]
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// 被删除的元素: ["angel", "clown"]
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="从第_2_位开始删除_2_个元素">从第 2 位开始删除 2 个元素</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">var myFish = ['parrot', 'anemone', 'blue', 'trumpet', 'sturgeon'];
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var removed = myFish.splice(myFish.length - 3, 2);
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// 运算后的 myFish: ["parrot", "anemone", "sturgeon"]
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// 被删除的元素: ["blue", "trumpet"]
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="从倒数第_2_位开始删除_1_个元素">从倒数第 2 位开始删除 1 个元素</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">var myFish = ['angel', 'clown', 'mandarin', 'sturgeon'];
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var removed = myFish.splice(-2, 1);
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// 运算后的 myFish: ["angel", "clown", "sturgeon"]
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// 被删除的元素: ["mandarin"]</code></pre>
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<h3 id="从第_2_位开始删除所有元素">从第 2 位开始删除所有元素</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">var myFish = ['angel', 'clown', 'mandarin', 'sturgeon'];
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var removed = myFish.splice(2);
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// 运算后的 myFish: ["angel", "clown"]
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// 被删除的元素: ["mandarin", "sturgeon"]
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>
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<table class="standard-table">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<th scope="col">规范</th>
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<th scope="col">状态</th>
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<th scope="col">备注</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST-ARCH/ECMA-262,%203rd%20edition,%20December%201999.pdf" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener" title="ECMAScript 3rd Edition (ECMA-262)">ECMAScript 3rd Edition (ECMA-262)</a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
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<td>Initial definition. Implemented in JavaScript 1.2.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-15.4.4.12" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 5.1 (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Array.prototype.splice</small></a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-array.prototype.splice" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Array.prototype.splice</small></a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.splice" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Array.prototype.splice</small></a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Draft">Draft</span></td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>
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<div class="hidden">此页面中的兼容性表是根据结构化数据生成的。如果您想为数据做出贡献，请查看 <a class="external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data</a> 并发送 pull request 给我们。</div>
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<p></p><div class="bc-data"><a class="bc-github-link external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">Update compatibility data on GitHub</a><table class="bc-table bc-table-js"><thead><tr class="bc-platforms"><td></td><th class="bc-platform-desktop" colspan="6"><span>Desktop</span></th><th class="bc-platform-mobile" colspan="7"><span>Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-platform-server" colspan="1"><span>Server</span></th></tr><tr class="bc-browsers"><td></td><th class="bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome">Chrome</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge">Edge</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox">Firefox</span></th><th class="bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-ie">Internet Explorer</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera">Opera</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari">Safari</span></th><th class="bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-webview_android">Android webview</span></th><th class="bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome_android">Chrome for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge_mobile">Edge Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox_android">Firefox for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera_android">Opera for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari_ios">Safari on iOS</span></th><th class="bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-samsunginternet_android">Samsung Internet</span></th><th class="bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-nodejs">Node.js</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th scope="row"><code>splice</code></th><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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1</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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12</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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1</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-browser-name">IE</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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5.5</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">WebView Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge Mobile</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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4</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari iOS</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Samsung Internet Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-browser-name">nodejs</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td></tr></tbody></table><section class="bc-legend" id="sect1"><h3 class="offscreen" id="Legend">Legend</h3><dl><dt><span class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports">
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<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr></span></dt><dd>Full support</dd></dl></section></div><p></p>
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<h2 id="参见">参见</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Array/push" title="push() 方法将一个或多个元素添加到数组的末尾，并返回该数组的新长度。"><code>push()</code></a> / <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Array/pop" title="pop()方法从数组中删除最后一个元素，并返回该元素的值。此方法更改数组的长度。"><code>pop()</code></a> - 在数组末尾增/删元素；</li>
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<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Array/unshift" title="unshift() 方法将一个或多个元素添加到数组的开头，并返回该数组的新长度。"><code>unshift()</code></a> / <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Array/shift" title="shift() 方法从数组中删除第一个元素，并返回该元素的值。此方法更改数组的长度。"><code>shift()</code></a> - 在数组首部增/删元素；</li>
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<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Array/concat" title="concat() 方法用于合并两个或多个数组。此方法不会更改现有数组，而是返回一个新数组。"><code>concat()</code></a> - 把一个（或多个）数组和（或）值与原数组拼接，返回拼接后的数组。</li>
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</ul>
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</article> |