uTools-Manuals/docs/javascript/Reference/Global_Objects/Error/Stack.html

<article id="wikiArticle">
<div> <div class="blockIndicator nonStandard nonStandardHeader">
<p><strong><span class="icon-only-inline" title="This API has not been standardized."><i class="icon-warning-sign"> </i></span> 非标准</strong><br/>
      该特性是非标准的，请尽量不要在生产环境中使用它！</p>
</div></div>
<p><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Error" title="通过Error的构造器可以创建一个错误对象。当运行时错误产生时，Error的实例对象会被抛出。Error对象也可用于用户自定义的异常的基础对象。下面列出了各种内建的标准错误类型。"><code>Error</code></a>对象作为一个非标准的栈属性提供了一种函数追踪方式。无论这个函数被被调用，处于什么模式，来自于哪一行或者哪个文件，有着什么样的参数。这个栈产生于最近一次调用最早的那次调用，返回原始的全局作用域调用</p>
<h2 id="描述">描述</h2>
<p>每个步骤都会被分为单独的一行以这个函数的名字作为开始（如果不是一个来自于全局作用域的调用）,然后通过一个@符号标记一个文件的位置（尤其是当一个函数构造错误并且作为错误被抛出，并且如果能定位到这个文件的位置，那么会使用冒号显示行号。（提示）<a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Error" title="通过Error的构造器可以创建一个错误对象。当运行时错误产生时，Error的实例对象会被抛出。Error对象也可用于用户自定义的异常的基础对象。下面列出了各种内建的标准错误类型。"><code>Error</code></a>对象在错误跑出时同样能处理并渲染出文件名，行号和列号属性（但是仅仅限于错误。而不是追踪他的路径）</p>
<p>注意这是Firefox定义的格式，并没有标准的定义。但是Safari 6+ 和 Opera 12-定义了一种非常相似的格式。其他使用JavaScript V8引擎的浏览器（例如Chrome, Opera 15+,安卓浏览器）和IE 10+，定义了一种不同的格式（可参见 <a class="external" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/hh699850.aspx" rel="noopener">error.stack</a> 文档）</p>
<p>堆栈中的参数值： Firefox 14版本之前是 (<a class="external" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=744842" rel="noopener" title="FIXED: don't include actual args in error.stack.toString()">bug 744842</a>)函数名会随着参数值会在添加@符号之前被立即转换成用圆括号包裹的string类型。然而对象或者数组等其他类型似乎会被转换成<code>"[object Object]"</code>并且这种格式不能回退到之前实际上的对象，而纯值会被渲染（或许这种在Firefox14中仍有这种可能，使用<code>arguments.callee.caller.arguments</code>更加简单。因为函数名可以使用<code>arguments.callee.caller.name</code>渲染）。<code>"undefined"</code>被显示为<code>"(void 0)"</code>不过要注意的是如果是字符串类型的参数会直接以类似<code>"@"</code>, <code>"("</code>, <code>")"</code>格式通过编译（或者是包含在文件名中）。你不能简单的依赖这些将它分成多个组件，但是，对于Firefox14及以后的版本来说，这些都不是问题</p>
<p>不同的浏览器会在不同时期设置这个值。例如，Firefox在创建<a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Error" title="通过Error的构造器可以创建一个错误对象。当运行时错误产生时，Error的实例对象会被抛出。Error对象也可用于用户自定义的异常的基础对象。下面列出了各种内建的标准错误类型。"><code>Error</code></a>对象时设置它，然而PhantomJS是在当且仅当它抛出 <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Error" title="通过Error的构造器可以创建一个错误对象。当运行时错误产生时，Error的实例对象会被抛出。Error对象也可用于用户自定义的异常的基础对象。下面列出了各种内建的标准错误类型。"><code>Error</code></a>时， 并且<a class="external" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/hh699850.aspx" rel="noopener">MSDN docs</a> 似乎也实现了PhantomJS的方式。</p>
<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>
<p>下面这段html代码展示了<code>stack</code> 属性的使用方法</p>
<pre><code class="language-html">&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
&lt;meta charset="UTF-8"&gt;
&lt;title&gt;Stack Trace Example&lt;/title&gt;
&lt;body&gt;
&lt;script&gt;
function trace() {
  try {
    throw new Error('myError');
  }
  catch(e) {
    alert(e.stack);
  }
}
function b() {
  trace();
}
function a() {
  b(3, 4, '\n\n', undefined, {});
}
a('first call, firstarg');
&lt;/script&gt;

</code></pre>
<p>假设上面这段代码被保存在Windows系统下的 <code>C:\example.html</code>在处理过程中抛出如下所示的错误信息</p>
<p>Firefox 30及以上版本的浏览器会包含以列号为开始 (<a class="external" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=762556" rel="noopener" title="FIXED: Error stack should contain column number">bug 762556</a>):</p>
<pre><samp>trace@file:///C:/example.html:9:17
b@file:///C:/example.html:16:13
a@file:///C:/example.html:19:13
@file:///C:/example.html:21:9</samp></code></pre>
<p>Firefox 14 to Firefox 29:</p>
<pre><samp>trace@file:///C:/example.html:9
b@file:///C:/example.html:16
a@file:///C:/example.html:19
@file:///C:/example.html:21</samp></code></pre>
<p>Firefox 13及更早版本的浏览器会抛出如下信息：</p>
<pre><samp>Error("myError")@:0
trace()@file:///C:/example.html:9
b(3,4,"\n\n",(void 0),[object Object])@file:///C:/example.html:16
a("first call, firstarg")@file:///C:/example.html:19
@file:///C:/example.html:21</samp></code></pre>
<h3 id="Stack_of_eval'ed_code">Stack of eval'ed code</h3>
<p>Firefox30以(Firefox 30 / Thunderbird 30 / SeaMonkey 2.27 / Firefox OS 1.4)格式开头，<code>Function()</code> 和 <code>eval()</code> 调用产生的错误代码堆栈，现在在调用内部通过行号和列号以更加详细的格式向我们展示出来。函数调用显示为<code>"&gt; Function"</code> 而 eval调用则是 <code>"&gt; eval"</code>这样。下面来看这个<a class="external" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=332176" rel="noopener" title="FIXED: eval still uses call site line number as offset for eval'ed code in the year 2014">bug 332176</a>.</p>
<pre><code  class="language-javascript">try {
  new Function('throw new Error()')();
} catch (e) {
  console.log(e.stack);
}

// anonymous@file:///C:/example.html line 7 &gt; Function:1:1
// @file:///C:/example.html:7:6


try {
  eval("eval('FAIL')");
} catch (x) {
  console.log(x.stack);
}

// @file:///C:/example.html line 7 &gt; eval line 1 &gt; eval:1:1
// @file:///C:/example.html line 7 &gt; eval:1:1
// @file:///C:/example.html:7:6
</code></pre>
<p>你也可以使用<code>//# sourceURL</code> 命名eval源的指令。 也可以查看在 <a href="/en-US/docs/Tools/Debugger">Debugger</a>文档中的<a href="/en-US/docs/Tools/Debugger/How_to/Debug_eval_sources" style="">Debug eval 源</a>和<a class="external" href="http://fitzgeraldnick.com/weblog/59/" rel="noopener">blog post博客 。</a></p>
<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>
<p>不属于任何规范，没有标准规范。</p>
<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>
<div>
<div>
<div class="hidden">此页面上的兼容性表由数据结构化生成。 如果您想为此做出贡献，请查看<a class="external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data</a> 并向我们发起拉取请求。</div>
<p></p><div class="bc-data"><a class="bc-github-link external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">Update compatibility data on GitHub</a><table class="bc-table bc-table-js"><thead><tr class="bc-platforms"><td></td><th class="bc-platform-desktop" colspan="6"><span>Desktop</span></th><th class="bc-platform-mobile" colspan="7"><span>Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-platform-server" colspan="1"><span>Server</span></th></tr><tr class="bc-browsers"><td></td><th class="bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome">Chrome</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge">Edge</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox">Firefox</span></th><th class="bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-ie">Internet Explorer</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera">Opera</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari">Safari</span></th><th class="bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-webview_android">Android webview</span></th><th class="bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome_android">Chrome for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge_mobile">Edge Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox_android">Firefox for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera_android">Opera for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari_ios">Safari on iOS</span></th><th class="bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-samsunginternet_android">Samsung Internet</span></th><th class="bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-nodejs">Node.js</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th scope="row"><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Error/stack"><code>stack</code></a> <div class="bc-icons"><abbr class="only-icon" title="Non-standard. Expect poor cross-browser support."><span>Non-standard</span><i class="ic-non-standard"></i></abbr></div></th><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
<span>No support</span>
</abbr>
              No</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              1</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-browser-name">IE</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              10</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              6</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">WebView Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge Mobile</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              4</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari iOS</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              6</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Samsung Internet Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-browser-name">nodejs</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td></tr></tbody></table><section class="bc-legend" id="sect1"><h3 class="offscreen" id="Legend">Legend</h3><dl><dt><span class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports">
<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
                  
                </abbr></span></dt><dd>Full support</dd><dt><span class="bc-supports-no bc-supports">
<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
<span>No support</span>
                  
                </abbr></span></dt><dd>No support</dd><dt><abbr class="only-icon" title="Non-standard. Expect poor cross-browser support."><span>Non-standard. Expect poor cross-browser support.</span><i class="ic-non-standard"></i></abbr></dt><dd>Non-standard. Expect poor cross-browser support.</dd></dl></section></div><p></p>
</div>
</div>
<h2 id="另请参阅">另请参阅</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Components.stack">Components.stack</a></li>
<li>外部项目: <a class="external link-https" href="https://github.com/csnover/TraceKit/" rel="noopener">TraceKit</a> and <a class="external link-https" href="https://github.com/eriwen/javascript-stacktrace" rel="noopener">javascript-stacktrace</a></li>
<li>MSDN: <a class="external" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/hh699850.aspx" rel="noopener" title="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/hh699850.aspx">error.stack</a> docs</li>
<li><a class="external" href="https://github.com/v8/v8/wiki/Stack%20Trace%20API" rel="noopener">Overview of the V8 JavaScript stack trace API</a></li>
</ul>
</article>