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<article id="wikiArticle">
<div></div>
<p><code><strong>Object.preventExtensions()</strong></code>方法让一个对象变的不可扩展,也就是永远不能再添加新的属性。</p>
<h2 id="Syntax" name="Syntax">语法</h2>
<pre><code class="language-javascript"><code>Object.preventExtensions(<em>obj</em>)</code></code></pre>
<h3 id="Parameters" name="Parameters">参数</h3>
<dl>
<dt><code>obj</code></dt>
<dd>将要变得不可扩展的对象。</dd>
<dt>
<h3 id="返回值">返回值</h3>
</dt>
<dd>已经不可扩展的对象。</dd>
</dl>
<h2 id="Description" name="Description">描述</h2>
<p>如果一个对象可以添加新的属性,则这个对象是可扩展的。<code>Object.preventExtensions()</code>将对象标记为不再可扩展,因此它将永远不会具有超出它被标记为不可扩展的属性。注意,一般来说,不可扩展对象的属性可能仍然可被删除。尝试将新属性添加到不可扩展对象将静默失败或抛出<a href="Reference/Global_Objects/TypeError" title="TypeError类型错误 对象用来表示值的类型非预期类型时发生的错误。"><code>TypeError</code></a>(最常见但不排除其他情况,如在<a class="new" href="Reference/Functions_and_function_scope/Strict_mode" rel="nofollow" title="此页面仍未被本地化, 期待您的翻译!">strict mode</a>中)。</p>
<p><code>Object.preventExtensions()</code>仅阻止添加自身的属性。但属性仍然可以添加到对象原型。</p>
<p>一旦使其不可扩展,就无法再对象进行扩展。</p>
<h2 id="Examples" name="Examples">例子</h2>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">// Object.preventExtensions将原对象变的不可扩展,并且返回原对象.
var obj = {};
var obj2 = Object.preventExtensions(obj);
obj === obj2; // true
 
// 字面量方式定义的对象默认是可扩展的.
var empty = {};
Object.isExtensible(empty) //=== true
 
// ...但可以改变.
Object.preventExtensions(empty);
Object.isExtensible(empty) //=== false
 
// 使用Object.defineProperty方法为一个不可扩展的对象添加新属性会抛出异常.
var nonExtensible = { removable: true };
Object.preventExtensions(nonExtensible);
Object.defineProperty(nonExtensible, "new", { value: 8675309 }); // 抛出TypeError异常
 
// 在严格模式中,为一个不可扩展对象的新属性赋值会抛出TypeError异常.
function fail()
{
  "use strict";
  nonExtensible.newProperty = "FAIL"; // throws a TypeError
}
fail();
 
// 一个不可扩展对象的原型是不可更改的,__proto__是个非标准魔法属性,可以更改一个对象的原型.
var fixed = Object.preventExtensions({});
fixed.__proto__ = { oh: "hai" }; // 抛出TypeError异常</code></pre>
<h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>
<p>在 ES5 中,如果参数不是一个对象类型,将抛出一个<a href="https://developer.mozilla.orgReference/Global_Objects/TypeError" title="TypeError类型错误 对象用来表示值的类型非预期类型时发生的错误。"><code>TypeError</code></a>异常。在 ES2015 中,非对象参数将被视为一个不可扩展的普通对象,因此会被直接返回。</p>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">Object.preventExtensions(1);
// TypeError: 1 is not an object (ES5 code)
Object.preventExtensions(1);
// 1 (ES2015 code)</code></pre>
<h2 id="规范" style="margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 30px;">规范</h2>
<table class="standard-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Specification</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Comment</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-15.2.3.10" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 5.1 (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Object.preventExtensions</small></a></td>
<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
<td>Initial definition. Implemented in JavaScript 1.8.5.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-object.preventextensions" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Object.preventExtensions</small></a></td>
<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="external" href="https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-object.preventextensions" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Object.preventExtensions</small></a></td>
<td><span class="spec-Draft">Draft</span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="浏览器兼容">浏览器兼容</h2>
<div class="hidden">The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out <a class="external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data</a> and send us a pull request.</div>
<p></p><div class="bc-data"><a class="bc-github-link external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">Update compatibility data on GitHub</a><table class="bc-table bc-table-js"><thead><tr class="bc-platforms"><td></td><th class="bc-platform-desktop" colspan="6"><span>Desktop</span></th><th class="bc-platform-mobile" colspan="7"><span>Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-platform-server" colspan="1"><span>Server</span></th></tr><tr class="bc-browsers"><td></td><th class="bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome">Chrome</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge">Edge</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox">Firefox</span></th><th class="bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-ie">Internet Explorer</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera">Opera</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari">Safari</span></th><th class="bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-webview_android">Android webview</span></th><th class="bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome_android">Chrome for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge_mobile">Edge Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox_android">Firefox for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera_android">Opera for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari_ios">Safari on iOS</span></th><th class="bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-samsunginternet_android">Samsung Internet</span></th><th class="bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-nodejs">Node.js</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th scope="row"><code>preventExtensions</code></th><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
6</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
12</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
4</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-browser-name">IE</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
9</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
12</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
5.1</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">WebView Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge Mobile</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
4</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari iOS</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Samsung Internet Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-browser-name">nodejs</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">ES2015 behavior for non-object argument</th><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
44</td><td class="bc-supports-unknown bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge</span><abbr title="Compatibility unknown; please update this.">
?
</abbr></td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
35</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-browser-name">IE</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
11</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
31</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
9</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">WebView Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-unknown bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge Mobile</span><abbr title="Compatibility unknown; please update this.">
?
</abbr></td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
35</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari iOS</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
9</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Samsung Internet Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-browser-name">nodejs</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
Yes</td></tr></tbody></table><section class="bc-legend" id="sect1"><h3 class="offscreen" id="Legend">Legend</h3><dl><dt><span class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports">
<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
 
</abbr></span></dt><dd>Full support</dd><dt><span class="bc-supports-unknown bc-supports">
<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-unknown only-icon" title="Compatibility unknown">
<span>Compatibility unknown</span>
 
</abbr></span></dt><dd>Compatibility unknown</dd></dl></section></div><p></p>
<h2 id="See_also" name="See_also">相关链接</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Object/isExtensible" title="Object.isExtensible() 方法判断一个对象是否是可扩展的(是否可以在它上面添加新的属性)。"><code>Object.isExtensible()</code></a></li>
<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Object/seal" title="The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples and send us a pull request."><code>Object.seal()</code></a></li>
<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Object/isSealed" title="Object.isSealed() 方法判断一个对象是否被密封。"><code>Object.isSealed()</code></a></li>
<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Object/freeze" title="Object.freeze() 方法可以冻结一个对象。一个被冻结的对象再也不能被修改冻结了一个对象则不能向这个对象添加新的属性不能删除已有属性不能修改该对象已有属性的可枚举性、可配置性、可写性以及不能修改已有属性的值。此外冻结一个对象后该对象的原型也不能被修改。freeze() 返回和传入的参数相同的对象。"><code>Object.freeze()</code></a></li>
<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Object/isFrozen" title="Object.isFrozen()方法判断一个对象是否被冻结。"><code>Object.isFrozen()</code></a></li>
<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Reflect/preventExtensions" title="静态方法 Reflect.preventExtensions() 方法阻止新属性添加到对象 例如:防止将来对对象的扩展被添加到对象中)。该方法与 Object.preventExtensions()相似,但有一些不同点。详情可见 differences。"><code>Reflect.preventExtensions()</code></a></li>
</ul>
</article>