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160 lines
16 KiB
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<article id="wikiArticle">
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<div></div>
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<p><strong><code>search()</code></strong> 方法执行正则表达式和 <a href="Reference/String" title="此页面仍未被本地化, 期待您的翻译!"><code>String</code></a> 对象之间的一个搜索匹配。</p>
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<div><iframe class="interactive interactive-js" frameborder="0" height="250" src="https://interactive-examples.mdn.mozilla.net/pages/js/string-search.html" width="100%"></iframe></div>
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<p class="hidden">The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone <a class="external" href="https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples" rel="noopener">https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples</a> and send us a pull request.</p>
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<h2 id="语法">语法</h2>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript"><var>str</var>.search(<var>regexp</var>)</code></pre>
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<h3 id="参数">参数</h3>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>regexp</code></dt>
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<dd>一个<a href="Reference/RegExp" title="此页面仍未被本地化, 期待您的翻译!"><code>正则表达式（regular expression）</code></a>对象。如果传入一个非正则表达式对象 <code>obj</code>，则会使用 <code>new RegExp(obj)</code> 隐式地将其转换为正则表达式对象。</dd>
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</dl>
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<h3 id="返回值">返回值</h3>
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<p>如果匹配成功，则 <code>search()</code> 返回正则表达式在字符串中首次匹配项的索引;否则，返回 <strong>-1</strong>。</p>
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<h2 id="描述">描述</h2>
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<p>当你想要知道字符串中是否存在某个模式（pattern）时可使用 <code>search()</code>，类似于正则表达式的 <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/RegExp/test" title="test() 方法执行一个检索，用来查看正则表达式与指定的字符串是否匹配。返回 true 或 false。"><code>test()</code></a> 方法。当要了解更多匹配信息时，可使用 <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/String/match" title="match() 方法检索返回一个字符串匹配正则表达式的的结果。"><code>match()</code></a>（但会更慢一些），该方法类似于正则表达式的 <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/RegExp/exec" title="exec() 方法在一个指定字符串中执行一个搜索匹配。返回一个结果数组或 null。"><code>exec()</code></a> 方法。</p>
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<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>
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<h3 id="例子：使用_search()">例子：使用 <code>search()</code></h3>
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<p>The following example searches a string with 2 different regex objects to show a successful search (positive value) vs. an unsuccessful search (-1)</p>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">var str = "hey JudE";
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var re = /[A-Z]/g;
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var re2 = /[.]/g;
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console.log(str.search(re)); // returns 4, which is the index of the first capital letter "J"
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console.log(str.search(re2)); // returns -1 cannot find '.' dot punctuation</code></pre>
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<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>
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<table class="standard-table">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<th scope="col">规范</th>
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<th scope="col">状态</th>
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<th scope="col">备注</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST-ARCH/ECMA-262,%203rd%20edition,%20December%201999.pdf" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener" title="ECMAScript 3rd Edition (ECMA-262)">ECMAScript 3rd Edition (ECMA-262)</a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
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<td>Initial definition. Implemented in JavaScript 1.2.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-15.5.4.12" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 5.1 (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">String.prototype.search</small></a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-string.prototype.search" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">String.prototype.search</small></a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-string.prototype.search" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">String.prototype.search</small></a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Draft">Draft</span></td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>
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<p class="hidden">The compatibility table in this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out <a class="external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data</a> and send us a pull request.</p>
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<p></p><div class="bc-data"><a class="bc-github-link external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">Update compatibility data on GitHub</a><table class="bc-table bc-table-js"><thead><tr class="bc-platforms"><td></td><th class="bc-platform-desktop" colspan="6"><span>Desktop</span></th><th class="bc-platform-mobile" colspan="7"><span>Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-platform-server" colspan="1"><span>Server</span></th></tr><tr class="bc-browsers"><td></td><th class="bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome">Chrome</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge">Edge</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox">Firefox</span></th><th class="bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-ie">Internet Explorer</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera">Opera</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari">Safari</span></th><th class="bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-webview_android">Android webview</span></th><th class="bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome_android">Chrome for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge_mobile">Edge Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox_android">Firefox for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera_android">Opera for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari_ios">Safari on iOS</span></th><th class="bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-samsunginternet_android">Samsung Internet</span></th><th class="bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-nodejs">Node.js</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th scope="row"><code>search</code></th><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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12</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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1</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-browser-name">IE</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">WebView Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge Mobile</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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4</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari iOS</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Samsung Internet Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-browser-name">nodejs</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><code>flags</code> <div class="bc-icons"><abbr class="only-icon" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."><span>Deprecated</span><i class="ic-deprecated"></i></abbr><abbr class="only-icon" title="Non-standard. Expect poor cross-browser support."><span>Non-standard</span><i class="ic-non-standard"></i></abbr></div></th><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
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<span>No support</span>
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</abbr>
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No</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
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<span>No support</span>
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</abbr>
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No</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
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<span>No support</span>
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</abbr>1 — 49</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-browser-name">IE</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
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<span>No support</span>
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</abbr>
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No</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
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<span>No support</span>
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</abbr>
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No</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
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<span>No support</span>
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</abbr>
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No</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">WebView Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
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<span>No support</span>
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</abbr>
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No</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
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<span>No support</span>
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</abbr>
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No</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge Mobile</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
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<span>No support</span>
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</abbr>
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No</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
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<span>No support</span>
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</abbr>4 — 49</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
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<span>No support</span>
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</abbr>
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No</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari iOS</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
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<span>No support</span>
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</abbr>
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No</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Samsung Internet Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
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<span>No support</span>
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</abbr>
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No</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-browser-name">nodejs</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
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<span>No support</span>
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</abbr>
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No</td></tr></tbody></table><section class="bc-legend" id="sect1"><h3 class="offscreen" id="Legend">Legend</h3><dl><dt><span class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports">
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<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr></span></dt><dd>Full support</dd><dt><span class="bc-supports-no bc-supports">
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<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
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<span>No support</span>
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</abbr></span></dt><dd>No support</dd><dt><abbr class="only-icon" title="Non-standard. Expect poor cross-browser support."><span>Non-standard. Expect poor cross-browser support.</span><i class="ic-non-standard"></i></abbr></dt><dd>Non-standard. Expect poor cross-browser support.</dd><dt><abbr class="only-icon" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."><span>Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.</span><i class="ic-deprecated"></i></abbr></dt><dd>Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.</dd></dl></section></div><p></p>
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<h2 id="Gecko_注意事项">Gecko 注意事项</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>在 <span title="(Firefox 8.0 / Thunderbird 8.0 / SeaMonkey 2.5)">Gecko 8.0</span> 及之前的版本，<code>search()</code> 的实现有问题：在调用该方法时，若不传递参数或者参数为 <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/undefined" title="undefined是全局对象的一个属性。也就是说，它是全局作用域的一个变量。undefined的最初值就是原始数据类型undefined。"><code>undefined</code></a>，该方法将不会匹配空字符串，而是匹配字符串 "undefined"。这个问题已被修复，现在，<code>"a".search()</code> 和 <code>"a".search(undefined)</code> 都能正确返回 0。</li>
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<li>Starting with Gecko 39 (Firefox 39 / Thunderbird 39 / SeaMonkey 2.36), the non-standard <code>flags</code> argument is deprecated and throws a console warning (<a class="external" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1142351" rel="noopener" title="FIXED: Add console warnings for non-standard flag argument of String.prototype.{search,match,replace}.">bug 1142351</a>).</li>
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<li>Starting with Gecko 47 (Firefox 47 / Thunderbird 47 / SeaMonkey 2.44), the non-standard <code>flags</code> argument is no longer supported in non-release builds and will soon be removed entirely (<a class="external" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1245801" rel="noopener" title="FIXED: Disable non-standard flag argument of String.prototype.{search,match,replace} in non-release build.">bug 1245801</a>).</li>
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<li>Starting with Gecko 49 (Firefox 49 / Thunderbird 49 / SeaMonkey 2.46), the non-standard <code>flags</code> argument is no longer supported (<a class="external" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1108382" rel="noopener" title="FIXED: Remove non-standard flag argument from String.prototype.{search,match,replace}">bug 1108382</a>).</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="参见">参见</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/String/match" title="match() 方法检索返回一个字符串匹配正则表达式的的结果。"><code>String.prototype.match()</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/RegExp/exec" title="exec() 方法在一个指定字符串中执行一个搜索匹配。返回一个结果数组或 null。"><code>RegExp.prototype.exec()</code></a></li>
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</ul>
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</article> |