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123 lines
12 KiB
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<article id="wikiArticle">
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<div></div>
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<p><strong><code>slice()</code></strong> 方法提取一个字符串的一部分，并返回一新的字符串。</p>
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<h2 id="Syntax" name="Syntax" style="margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 2.14285714285714rem;">语法</h2>
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<pre class="syntaxbox" style="font-size: 14px; white-space: normal;"><code><var>str</var>.slice(<var>beginSlice</var>[, <var>endSlice</var>])</code></code></pre>
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<h3 id="Parameters" name="Parameters" style="font-size: 1.71428571428571rem;">参数</h3>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>beginSlice</code></dt>
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<dd>从该索引（以 0 为基数）处开始提取原字符串中的字符。如果值为负数，会被当做 <code>sourceLength + beginSlice</code> 看待，这里的<code>sourceLength 是字符串的长度</code> (例如， 如果<code>beginSlice</code> 是 -3 则看作是: <code>sourceLength - 3</code>)</dd>
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<dt><code>endSlice</code></dt>
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<dd>可选。在该索引（以 0 为基数）处结束提取字符串。如果省略该参数，<code style="font-style: normal;">slice</code>会一直提取到字符串末尾。<span style="line-height: 1.5;">如果该参数为负数，则被看作是 sourceLength + endSlice，这里的 sourceLength 就是字符串的长度(例如，如果 endSlice 是 -3，则是, sourceLength - 3)。</span></dd>
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</dl>
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<h3 id="返回值">返回值</h3>
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<p>返回一个从原字符串中提取出来的新字符串</p>
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<h2 id="Description" name="Description" style="margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 2.14285714285714rem;">描述</h2>
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<p><code>slice()</code> 从一个字符串中提取字符串并返回新字符串。在一个字符串中的改变不会影响另一个字符串。也就是说，<code>slice</code> 不修改原字符串，只会返回一个包含了原字符串中部分字符的新字符串。</p>
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<p><strong>注意</strong>：<code>slice()</code> 提取的新字符串包括<code>beginSlice</code>但<strong>不包括 </strong><code><strong>endSlice</strong>。</code></p>
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<p>例1：<code>str.slice(1, 4)</code> 提取新字符串从第二个字符到第四个 (字符索引值为 1, 2, 和 3)。</p>
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<p>例2：<code>str.slice(2, -1)</code> 提取第三个字符到倒数第一个字符。</p>
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<h2 id="Examples" name="Examples" style="margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 2.14285714285714rem;">例子</h2>
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<h3 id="Example:_Using_slice_to_create_a_new_string" name="Example:_Using_slice_to_create_a_new_string" style="font-size: 1.71428571428571rem;">使用 <code>slice()</code> 创建一个新的字符串</h3>
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<p>下面例子使用 <code>slice()</code> 来创建新字符串:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-js language-js" style="padding: 1em 0px 1em 30px; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal;"><code class="language-js" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', monospace; direction: ltr; white-space: pre;"><span class="keyword token" style="color: #0077aa;">var</span> str1 <span class="operator token" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); color: #a67f59;">=</span> <span class="string token" style="color: #669900;">'The morning is upon us.'</span><span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">;</span>
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<span class="keyword token" style="color: #0077aa;">var</span> str2 <span class="operator token" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); color: #a67f59;">=</span> str1<span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">.</span><span class="function token" style="color: #dd4a68;">slice<span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">(</span></span><span class="number token" style="color: #990055;">4</span><span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">,</span> <span class="operator token" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); color: #a67f59;">-</span><span class="number token" style="color: #990055;">2</span><span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">)</span><span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">;</span>
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console<span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">.</span><span class="function token" style="color: #dd4a68;">log<span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">(</span></span>str2<span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">)</span><span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">;</span><span class="comment token" style="color: #708090;"> // OUTPUT: morning is upon u</span></code></code></pre>
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<h3 id="Example:_Using_slice_with_negative_indexes" name="Example:_Using_slice_with_negative_indexes" style="font-size: 1.71428571428571rem;">给 <code>slice()</code> 传入负值索引</h3>
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<p>下面的例子在 <code>slice()</code> 使用了负值索引:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-js language-js" style="padding: 1em 0px 1em 30px; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal;"><code class="language-js" style="font-family: Consolas, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', monospace; direction: ltr; white-space: pre;"><span class="keyword token" style="color: #0077aa;">var</span> str <span class="operator token" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); color: #a67f59;">=</span> <span class="string token" style="color: #669900;">'The morning is upon us.'</span><span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">;</span>
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str<span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">.</span><span class="function token" style="color: #dd4a68;">slice<span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">(</span></span><span class="operator token" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); color: #a67f59;">-</span><span class="number token" style="color: #990055;">3</span><span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">)</span><span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">;</span> <span class="comment token" style="color: #708090;"> // returns 'us.'
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</span>str<span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">.</span><span class="function token" style="color: #dd4a68;">slice<span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">(</span></span><span class="operator token" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); color: #a67f59;">-</span><span class="number token" style="color: #990055;">3</span><span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">,</span> <span class="operator token" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); color: #a67f59;">-</span><span class="number token" style="color: #990055;">1</span><span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">)</span><span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">;</span><span class="comment token" style="color: #708090;"> // returns 'us'
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</span>str<span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">.</span><span class="function token" style="color: #dd4a68;">slice<span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">(</span></span><span class="number token" style="color: #990055;">0</span><span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">,</span> <span class="operator token" style="background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.498039); color: #a67f59;">-</span><span class="number token" style="color: #990055;">1</span><span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">)</span><span class="punctuation token" style="color: #999999;">;</span> <span class="comment token" style="color: #708090;"> // returns 'The morning is upon us'</span></code></code></pre>
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<h2 id="规范" style="margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 2.14285714285714rem;">规范</h2>
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<table class="standard-table">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<th scope="col">Specification</th>
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<th scope="col">Status</th>
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<th scope="col">Comment</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>ECMAScript 3rd Edition.</td>
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<td>Standard</td>
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<td>Initial definition. Implemented in JavaScript 1.2.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-15.5.4.13" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 5.1 (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">String.prototype.slice</small></a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-string.prototype.slice" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">String.prototype.slice</small></a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<h2 id="浏览器兼容性" style="margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 2.14285714285714rem;">浏览器兼容性 </h2>
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<div><div class="blockIndicator warning"><strong><a class="external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">We're converting our compatibility data into a machine-readable JSON format</a></strong>.
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This compatibility table still uses the old format,
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because we haven't yet converted the data it contains.
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<strong><a class="new" href="/zh-CN/docs/MDN/Contribute/Structures/Compatibility_tables" rel="nofollow">Find out how you can help!</a></strong></div>
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<div class="htab">
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<a id="AutoCompatibilityTable" name="AutoCompatibilityTable"></a>
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<ul>
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<li class="selected"><a>Desktop</a></li>
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<li><a>Mobile</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div></div>
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<div id="compat-desktop">
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<table class="compat-table" style="border-color: transparent;">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<th style="line-height: 16px;">Feature</th>
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<th style="line-height: 16px;">Chrome</th>
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<th style="line-height: 16px;">Firefox (Gecko)</th>
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<th style="line-height: 16px;">Internet Explorer</th>
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<th style="line-height: 16px;">Opera</th>
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<th style="line-height: 16px;">Safari</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Basic support</td>
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<td><span style="color: #888;" title="Please update this with the earliest version of support.">(Yes)</span></td>
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<td><span style="color: #888;" title="Please update this with the earliest version of support.">(Yes)</span></td>
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<td><span style="color: #888;" title="Please update this with the earliest version of support.">(Yes)</span></td>
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<td><span style="color: #888;" title="Please update this with the earliest version of support.">(Yes)</span></td>
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<td><span style="color: #888;" title="Please update this with the earliest version of support.">(Yes)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<div id="compat-mobile">
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<table class="compat-table" style="border-color: transparent;">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<th style="line-height: 16px;">Feature</th>
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<th style="line-height: 16px;">Android</th>
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<th style="line-height: 16px;">Chrome for Android</th>
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<th style="line-height: 16px;">Firefox Mobile (Gecko)</th>
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<th style="line-height: 16px;">IE Mobile</th>
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<th style="line-height: 16px;">Opera Mobile</th>
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<th style="line-height: 16px;">Safari Mobile</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Basic support</td>
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<td><span style="color: #888;" title="Please update this with the earliest version of support.">(Yes)</span></td>
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<td><span style="color: #888;" title="Please update this with the earliest version of support.">(Yes)</span></td>
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<td><span style="color: #888;" title="Please update this with the earliest version of support.">(Yes)</span></td>
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<td><span style="color: #888;" title="Please update this with the earliest version of support.">(Yes)</span></td>
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<td><span style="color: #888;" title="Please update this with the earliest version of support.">(Yes)</span></td>
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<td><span style="color: #888;" title="Please update this with the earliest version of support.">(Yes)</span></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<h2 id="See_also" name="See_also" style="margin-bottom: 20px; font-size: 2.14285714285714rem;">参见</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/String/substr" title="substr() 方法返回一个字符串中从指定位置开始到指定字符数的字符。"><code>String.prototype.substr()</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/String/substring" title="substring() 方法返回一个字符串在开始索引到结束索引之间的一个子集, 或从开始索引直到字符串的末尾的一个子集。"><code>String.prototype.substring()</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Array/slice" title="The source for this interactive demo is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive demo project, please clone https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples and send us a pull request."><code>Array.prototype.slice()</code></a></li>
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</ul>
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<p> </p>
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</article> |