uTools-Manuals/docs/java/javax/xml/validation/package-summary.html

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<h1 class="title" title="Package">Package javax.xml.validation</h1>
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      此软件包提供了一个用于验证XML文档的API。 
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<p>See: <a href="#package.description">描述</a></p>
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<span>类摘要</span>
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<th class="colFirst" scope="col">类</th>
<th class="colLast" scope="col">描述</th>
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<td class="colFirst"><a href="../../../javax/xml/validation/Schema.html" title="class in javax.xml.validation">Schema</a></td>
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           不可变的内存中的语法表示。 
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<td class="colFirst"><a href="../../../javax/xml/validation/SchemaFactory.html" title="class in javax.xml.validation">SchemaFactory</a></td>
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<span>创建<a href="../../../javax/xml/validation/Schema.html" title="javax.xml.validation中的类"><code>Schema</code></a>对象的工厂。</span>
<span>入口点到验证API。</span>
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<td class="colFirst"><a href="../../../javax/xml/validation/SchemaFactoryLoader.html" title="class in javax.xml.validation">SchemaFactoryLoader</a></td>
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<span>工厂创建<a href="../../../javax/xml/validation/SchemaFactory.html" title="javax.xml.validation中的类"><code>SchemaFactory</code></a> 。</span>
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<td class="colFirst"><a href="../../../javax/xml/validation/TypeInfoProvider.html" title="class in javax.xml.validation">TypeInfoProvider</a></td>
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<span>该类提供对由<a href="../../../javax/xml/validation/ValidatorHandler.html" title="javax.xml.validation中的类"><code>ValidatorHandler</code></a>确定的类型信息的<a href="../../../javax/xml/validation/ValidatorHandler.html" title="javax.xml.validation中的类">访问</a> 。</span>
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<td class="colFirst"><a href="../../../javax/xml/validation/Validator.html" title="class in javax.xml.validation">Validator</a></td>
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<span>根据<code>Schema</code>检查XML文档的<a href="../../../javax/xml/validation/Schema.html" title="javax.xml.validation中的类">处理器</a> 。</span>
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<td class="colFirst"><a href="../../../javax/xml/validation/ValidatorHandler.html" title="class in javax.xml.validation">ValidatorHandler</a></td>
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           流式验证器，适用于SAX流。 
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<span>Error Summary</span>
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<th class="colFirst" scope="col">Error</th>
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<td class="colFirst"><a href="../../../javax/xml/validation/SchemaFactoryConfigurationError.html" title="class in javax.xml.validation">SchemaFactoryConfigurationError</a></td>
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           当存在具有Schema工厂的配置问题时抛出。 
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<h2 title="Package javax.xml.validation Description">Package javax.xml.validation Description</h2>
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<p> <span>此软件包提供了一个用于验证XML文档的API。</span> <span><em>验证</em>是验证XML文档是指定的XML <em>模式</em>的实例的过程。</span> <span>XML模式定义其实例文档将表示的内容模型（也称为<em>语法</em>或<em>词汇</em> ）。</span> </p>
<p> <span>有许多流行的技术可用于创建XML模式。</span> <span>一些最受欢迎的包括：</span> </p>
<ul>
<li> <span><strong>文档类型定义（DTD）</strong> - XML的内置模式语言。</span> </li>
<li> <span><strong><a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/Schema">W3C XML Schema (WXS)</a></strong> - 面向对象的XML模式语言。</span> <span>WXS还提供了一种用于约束XML文档的字符数据的类型系统。</span> <span>WXS由<a href="http://www.w3.org">World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)维护</a> ，是W3C推荐（即批准的W3C标准规范）。</span> </li>
<li> <span><strong><a href="http://www.relaxng.org">RELAX NG (RNG)</a></strong> - 基于模式的，用户友好的XML模式语言。</span> <span>RNG模式也可以使用类型来约束XML字符数据。</span> <span>RNG由<a href="http://www.oasis-open.org">Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS)维护</a> ，均为OASIS和<a href="http://www.iso.org">ISO (International Organization for Standardization)</a>标准。</span> </li>
<li> <span><strong><a href="http://www.schematron.com/">Schematron</a></strong> - 基于规则的XML模式语言。</span> <span>而DTD，WXS和RNG旨在表达内容模型的结构，Schematron旨在强制使用其他模式语言来表达困难或不可能的单个规则。</span> <span>Schematron旨在补充以前述结构模式语言编写的模式。</span> <span>Schematron正在成为ISO标准。</span> </li>
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<p> <span>以前版本的JAXP支持验证，作为XML解析器的特征，由<a href="../../../javax/xml/parsers/SAXParser.html" title="javax.xml.parsers中的类"><code>SAXParser</code></a>或<a href="../../../javax/xml/parsers/DocumentBuilder.html" title="javax.xml.parsers中的类"><code>DocumentBuilder</code></a>实例表示。</span> </p>
<p> <span>JAXP验证API将实例文档的验证与XML文档的解析分离。</span> <span>这是有利于几个原因，其中一些是：</span> </p>
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<li> <span><strong>支持额外的架构langauges。</strong></span> <span>从JDK 1.5开始，两个最受欢迎的JAXP解析器实现Crimson和Xerces仅支持可用的XML模式语言的一部分。</span> <span>验证API提供了一种标准机制，通过该机制应用程序可以利用支持附加模式语言的专业化验证库。</span> </li>
<li> <span><strong>XML实例和模式的简单运行时耦合。</strong></span> <span>指定用于使用JAXP解析器进行验证的模式的位置可能会令人困惑。</span> <span>验证API使此过程变得简单（参见下面的<a href="#example-1">example</a> ）。</span> </li>
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<p> <span><a name="example-1"><strong>Usage example</strong>.</a>以下示例演示如何使用Validation API验证XML文档（为了可读性，未显示某些异常处理）：</span> </p>
<pre>  <span>// parse an XML document into a DOM tree
    DocumentBuilder parser = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder();
    Document document = parser.parse(new File("instance.xml"));

    // create a SchemaFactory capable of understanding WXS schemas
    SchemaFactory factory = SchemaFactory.newInstance(XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI);

    // load a WXS schema, represented by a Schema instance
    Source schemaFile = new StreamSource(new File("mySchema.xsd"));
    Schema schema = factory.newSchema(schemaFile);

    // create a Validator instance, which can be used to validate an instance document
    Validator validator = schema.newValidator();

    // validate the DOM tree
    try {
        validator.validate(new DOMSource(document));
    } catch (SAXException e) {
        // instance document is invalid!
    }</span> </pre>
<p> <span>JAXP解析API已经与验证API集成。</span> <span>应用程序可以创建具有<a href="../../../javax/xml/validation/Schema.html" title="javax.xml.validation中的类">验证</a> API的<code>Schema</code>，并使用<a href="../../../javax/xml/parsers/DocumentBuilderFactory.html#setSchema-javax.xml.validation.Schema-"><code>DocumentBuilderFactory.setSchema(Schema)</code></a>和<a href="../../../javax/xml/parsers/SAXParserFactory.html#setSchema-javax.xml.validation.Schema-"><code>SAXParserFactory.setSchema(Schema)</code></a>方法将其与<a href="../../../javax/xml/parsers/DocumentBuilderFactory.html" title="javax.xml.parsers中的类"><code>DocumentBuilderFactory</code></a>或<a href="../../../javax/xml/parsers/SAXParserFactory.html" title="javax.xml.parsers中的类"><code>SAXParserFactory</code></a>实例相关<a href="../../../javax/xml/parsers/DocumentBuilderFactory.html#setSchema-javax.xml.validation.Schema-">联</a> 。</span> <span><strong>您不应</strong>同时设置模式并在解析器工厂调用<code>setValidating(true)</code> 。</span> <span>前一种技术将导致解析器使用新的验证API;</span> <span>后者将使解析器使用自己的内部验证设施。</span> <span><strong>同时打开这两个选项将导致冗余行为或错误条件。</strong></span> </p>
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