uTools-Manuals/docs/javascript/Reference/Operators/instanceof.html

<article id="wikiArticle">
<div></div>
<p>instanceof运算符用于测试构造函数的prototype属性是否出现在对象的原型链中的任何位置</p>
<div><iframe class="interactive interactive-js" frameborder="0" height="250" src="https://interactive-examples.mdn.mozilla.net/pages/js/expressions-instanceof.html" width="100%"></iframe></div>
<p class="hidden">The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone <a class="external" href="https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples" rel="noopener">https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples</a> and send us a pull request.</p>
<h2 id="Syntax" name="Syntax">语法</h2>
<pre><code><em>object</em> instanceof <em>constructor</em></code></pre>
<h3 id="Parameters" name="Parameters">参数</h3>
<dl>
<dt><code>object</code></dt>
<dd>要检测的对象.</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>constructor</code></dt>
<dd>某个构造函数</dd>
</dl>
<h2 id="Description" name="Description">描述</h2>
<p><code>instanceof </code>运算符用来检测 <code>constructor.prototype </code>是否存在于参数 <code>object</code> 的原型链上。</p>
<pre class="brush: js">// 定义构造函数
function C(){} 
function D(){} 

var o = new C();


o instanceof C; // true，因为 Object.getPrototypeOf(o) === C.prototype


o instanceof D; // false，因为 D.prototype不在o的原型链上

o instanceof Object; // true,因为Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf(o)返回true
C.prototype instanceof Object // true,同上

C.prototype = {};
var o2 = new C();

o2 instanceof C; // true

o instanceof C; // false,C.prototype指向了一个空对象,这个空对象不在o的原型链上.

D.prototype = new C(); // 继承
var o3 = new D();
o3 instanceof D; // true
o3 instanceof C; // true 因为C.prototype现在在o3的原型链上
</pre>
<p>需要注意的是，如果表达式 <code>obj instanceof Foo</code> 返回<code>true</code>，则并不意味着该表达式会永远返回<code>true</code>，因为<code>Foo.prototype</code>属性的值有可能会改变，改变之后的值很有可能不存在于<code>obj</code>的原型链上，这时原表达式的值就会成为<code>false</code>。另外一种情况下，原表达式的值也会改变，就是改变对象<code>obj</code>的原型链的情况，虽然在目前的ES规范中，我们只能读取对象的原型而不能改变它，但借助于非标准的<code>__proto__</code>伪属性，是可以实现的。比如执行<code>obj.__proto__ = {}</code>之后，<code>obj instanceof Foo</code>就会返回<code>false</code>了。</p>
<h3 id="instanceof和多全局对象(多个frame或多个window之间的交互)"><code>instanceof</code>和多全局对象(多个frame或多个window之间的交互)</h3>
<p>在浏览器中，我们的脚本可能需要在多个窗口之间进行交互。多个窗口意味着多个全局环境，不同的全局环境拥有不同的全局对象，从而拥有不同的内置类型构造函数。这可能会引发一些问题。比如，表达式 <code>[] instanceof window.frames[0].Array</code> 会返回<code>false</code>，因为 <code>Array.prototype !== window.frames[0].Array.prototype</code>，并且数组从前者继承。</p>
<p>起初，你会认为这样并没有意义，但是当你在你的脚本中开始处理多个frame或多个window以及通过函数将对象从一个窗口传到另一个窗口时，这就是一个有效而强大的话题。比如，实际上你可以通过使用 <code>Array.isArray(myObj)</code> 或者<code>Object.prototype.toString.call(myObj) === "[object Array]"</code>来安全的检测传过来的对象是否是一个数组。</p>
<p>比如检测一个<code>Nodes</code>在另一个窗口中是不是<code>SVGElement</code>，你可以使用<code>myNode instanceof myNode.ownerDocument.defaultView.SVGElement</code></p>
<div class="note"><strong>Mozilla开发者注意:</strong><br/>
在代码中使用 XPCOM <code>instanceof </code>有特殊影响: 如果查询接口成功执行后，<code>obj instanceof </code><em><code>xpcomInterface</code></em> (e.g. <code>Components.interfaces.nsIFile</code>) 调用<code>obj.QueryInterface(<em>xpcomInterface</em>)</code> 并且返回 <code>true</code> 。这种调用的副作用是在一次成功的<code>instanceof</code>测试后，你可以在<code>obj</code>上使用<code>xpcomInterface</code>的属性。这与标准的<code>JavaScript</code>全局变量不同，即使<code>obj</code>来自不同的作用域， <code>obj instanceof xpcomInterface</code>也可以按预期产生作用。</div>
<h2 id="Examples" name="Examples">示例</h2>
<h3 id="Example:_Demonstrating_that_String_and_Date_are_of_type_Object" name="Example:_Demonstrating_that_String_and_Date_are_of_type_Object">演示<code>String</code>对象和<code>Date</code>对象都属于<code>Object</code>类型和一些特殊情况</h3>
<p>下面的代码使用了<code>instanceof</code>来证明：<code>String和</code><code>Date</code>对象同时也属于<code>Object</code>类型（他们是由<code>Object</code>类派生出来的）。</p>
<p>但是，使用对象文字符号创建的对象在这里是一个例外：虽然原型未定义，但instanceof Object返回true。</p>
<pre class="brush: js"><code>var simpleStr = "This is a simple string"; 
var myString  = new String();
var newStr    = new String("String created with constructor");
var myDate    = new Date();
var myObj     = {};
var myNonObj  = Object.create(null);

simpleStr instanceof String; // 返回 false, 检查原型链会找到 undefined
myString  instanceof String; // 返回 true
newStr    instanceof String; // 返回 true
myString  instanceof Object; // 返回 true

myObj instanceof Object;    // 返回 true, 尽管原型没有定义
({})  instanceof Object;    // 返回 true, 同上
myNonObj instanceof Object; // 返回 false, 一种创建对象的方法，这种方法创建的对象不是Object的一个实例

myString instanceof Date; //返回 false

myDate instanceof Date;     // 返回 true
myDate instanceof Object;   // 返回 true
myDate instanceof String;   // 返回 false</code></pre>
<h3 id="Example:_Demonstrating_that_mycar_is_of_type_Car_and_type_Object" name="Example:_Demonstrating_that_mycar_is_of_type_Car_and_type_Object">演示<code>mycar</code>属于<code>Car</code>类型的同时又属于<code>Object</code>类型</h3>
<p>下面的代码创建了一个类型<code>Car</code>，以及该类型的对象实例<code>mycar</code>. <code>instanceof</code>运算符表明了这个<code>mycar</code>对象既属于<code>Car</code>类型，又属于<code>Object</code>类型。</p>
<pre class="brush: js">function Car(make, model, year) {
  this.make = make;
  this.model = model;
  this.year = year;
}
var mycar = new Car("Honda", "Accord", 1998);
var a = mycar instanceof Car;    // 返回 true
var b = mycar instanceof Object; // 返回 true

</pre>
<h3 id="不是一个实例">不是一个实例</h3>
<p>要测试对象是否不是特定构造函数的实例，你可以这样做</p>
<pre><code>if (!(mycar instanceof Car)) {
  // Do something, like mycar = new Car(mycar)
}</code></pre>
<p>下面代码完全不同</p>
<pre><code>if (!mycar instanceof Car)</code></pre>
<p>这将永远是假的（<code>!mycar</code>将在<code>instanceof</code>之前被处理，所以你总是验证布尔值是否是Car的一个实例）。</p>
<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>
<table class="standard-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Specification</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Comment</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="external" href="https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-relational-operators" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Relational Operators</small></a></td>
<td><span class="spec-Draft">Draft</span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-relational-operators" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Relational Operators</small></a></td>
<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-11.8.6" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 5.1 (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">The instanceof operator</small></a></td>
<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST-ARCH/ECMA-262,%203rd%20edition,%20December%201999.pdf#sec-11.8.6" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 3rd Edition (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">The instanceof operator</small></a></td>
<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
<td>Initial definition. Implemented in JavaScript 1.4.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="浏览器兼容">浏览器兼容</h2>
<div class="hidden">
<p>The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out <a class="external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data</a> and send us a pull request.</p>
</div>
<p></p><div class="bc-data"><a class="bc-github-link external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">Update compatibility data on GitHub</a><table class="bc-table bc-table-js"><thead><tr class="bc-platforms"><td></td><th class="bc-platform-desktop" colspan="6"><span>Desktop</span></th><th class="bc-platform-mobile" colspan="7"><span>Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-platform-server" colspan="1"><span>Server</span></th></tr><tr class="bc-browsers"><td></td><th class="bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome">Chrome</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge">Edge</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox">Firefox</span></th><th class="bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-ie">Internet Explorer</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera">Opera</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari">Safari</span></th><th class="bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-webview_android">Android webview</span></th><th class="bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome_android">Chrome for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge_mobile">Edge Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox_android">Firefox for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera_android">Opera for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari_ios">Safari on iOS</span></th><th class="bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-samsunginternet_android">Samsung Internet</span></th><th class="bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-nodejs">Node.js</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th scope="row"><code>instanceof</code></th><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              1</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-browser-name">IE</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">WebView Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge Mobile</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              4</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari iOS</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Samsung Internet Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-browser-name">nodejs</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td></tr></tbody></table><section class="bc-legend" id="sect1"><h3 class="offscreen" id="Legend">Legend</h3><dl><dt><span class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports">
<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
                  
                </abbr></span></dt><dd>Full support</dd></dl></section></div><p></p>
<h2 id="See_also" name="See_also">相关链接</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/typeof" title="/zh-CN/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/typeof">typeof</a></li>
<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Symbol/hasInstance" title="Symbol.hasInstance 用于判断某对象是否为某构造器的实例。 因此你可以用它自定义 instanceof 操作符在某个类上的行为。"><code>Symbol.hasInstance</code></a></li>
</ul>
</article>