uTools-Manuals/docs/javascript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/indexOf.html

<article id="wikiArticle">
<div></div>
<p><code><strong>indexOf()</strong></code>方法返回在数组中可以找到一个给定元素的第一个索引，如果不存在，则返回-1。</p>
<div><iframe class="interactive interactive-js" frameborder="0" height="250" src="https://interactive-examples.mdn.mozilla.net/pages/js/array-indexof.html" width="100%"></iframe></div>
<div class="note">
<p>注意：对于String方法，请参阅 <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/String/indexOf" title="indexOf() 方法返回调用  String 对象中第一次出现的指定值的索引，开始在 fromIndex进行搜索。"><code>String.prototype.indexOf()</code></a>。</p>
</div>
<h2 id="Syntax" name="Syntax">语法</h2>
<pre><code class="language-javascript"><code><em>arr</em>.indexOf(<em>searchElement</em>)
<em>arr</em>.indexOf(<em>searchElement</em>[, <em>fromIndex = 0</em>])</code></code></pre>
<h3 id="参数">参数</h3>
<dl>
<dt><code>searchElement</code></dt>
<dd>要查找的元素</dd>
<dt><code>fromIndex</code></dt>
<dd>开始查找的位置。如果该索引值大于或等于数组长度，意味着不会在数组里查找，返回-1。如果参数中提供的索引值是一个负值，则将其作为数组末尾的一个抵消，即-1表示从最后一个元素开始查找，-2表示从倒数第二个元素开始查找 ，以此类推。 注意：如果参数中提供的索引值是一个负值，并不改变其查找顺序，查找顺序仍然是从前向后查询数组。如果抵消后的索引值仍小于0，则整个数组都将会被查询。其默认值为0.</dd>
</dl>
<h3 id="返回值">返回值</h3>
<p>首个被找到的元素在数组中的索引位置; 若没有找到则返回 -1</p>
<h2 id="描述">描述</h2>
<p><code>indexOf</code> 使用<a href="Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators#Using_the_Equality_Operators">strict equality</a> (无论是 ===, 还是 triple-equals操作符都基于同样的方法)进行判断 <code>searchElement与</code>数组中包含的元素之间的关系。</p>
<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>
<h3 id="使用indexOf">使用indexOf</h3>
<p>以下例子使用<code>indexOf方法确定多个值在数组中的位置。</code></p>
<pre><code  class="language-javascript">var array = [2, 5, 9];
array.indexOf(2);     // 0
array.indexOf(7);     // -1
array.indexOf(9, 2);  // 2
array.indexOf(2, -1); // -1
array.indexOf(2, -3); // 0
</code></pre>
<h3 id="找出指定元素出现的所有位置">找出指定元素出现的所有位置</h3>
<pre><code  class="language-javascript">var indices = [];
var array = ['a', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'a', 'd'];
var element = 'a';
var idx = array.indexOf(element);
while (idx != -1) {
  indices.push(idx);
  idx = array.indexOf(element, idx + 1);
}
console.log(indices);
// [0, 2, 4]
</code></pre>
<h3 id="判断一个元素是否在数组里，不在则更新数组">判断一个元素是否在数组里，不在则更新数组</h3>
<pre><code  class="language-javascript">function updateVegetablesCollection (veggies, veggie) {
    if (veggies.indexOf(veggie) === -1) {
        veggies.push(veggie);
        console.log('New veggies collection is : ' + veggies);
    } else if (veggies.indexOf(veggie) &gt; -1) {
        console.log(veggie + ' already exists in the veggies collection.');
    }
}

var veggies = ['potato', 'tomato', 'chillies', 'green-pepper'];

// New veggies collection is : potato,tomato,chillies,green-papper,spinach
updateVegetablesCollection(veggies, 'spinach'); 
// spinach already exists in the veggies collection.
updateVegetablesCollection(veggies, 'spinach'); </code></pre>
<h2 id="Polyfill">Polyfill</h2>
<p><code>indexOf</code> 在ECMA-262 标准 的第5版中被加入，但并非所有的浏览器都支持该方法。你可以在编写scripts时，在其开头使用以下代码，它能够允许你在没有本地支持的情况下使用indexOf方法。该算法符合ECMA-262第5版其中一项规定, 即假定 <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/TypeError" title="TypeError（类型错误） 对象用来表示值的类型非预期类型时发生的错误。"><code>TypeError</code></a>和 <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Math/abs" title="Math.abs(x) 函数返回指定数字 “x“ 的绝对值。如下："><code>Math.abs</code></a> 呈现它们原有的值。</p>
<pre><code  class="language-javascript">// Production steps of ECMA-262, Edition 5, 15.4.4.14
// Reference: http://es5.github.io/#x15.4.4.14
if (!Array.prototype.indexOf) {
  Array.prototype.indexOf = function(searchElement, fromIndex) {

    var k;

    // 1. Let O be the result of calling ToObject passing
    //    the this value as the argument.
    if (this == null) {
      throw new TypeError('"this" is null or not defined');
    }

    var O = Object(this);

    // 2. Let lenValue be the result of calling the Get
    //    internal method of O with the argument "length".
    // 3. Let len be ToUint32(lenValue).
    var len = O.length &gt;&gt;&gt; 0;

    // 4. If len is 0, return -1.
    if (len === 0) {
      return -1;
    }

    // 5. If argument fromIndex was passed let n be
    //    ToInteger(fromIndex); else let n be 0.
    var n = +fromIndex || 0;

    if (Math.abs(n) === Infinity) {
      n = 0;
    }

    // 6. If n &gt;= len, return -1.
    if (n &gt;= len) {
      return -1;
    }

    // 7. If n &gt;= 0, then Let k be n.
    // 8. Else, n&lt;0, Let k be len - abs(n).
    //    If k is less than 0, then let k be 0.
    k = Math.max(n &gt;= 0 ? n : len - Math.abs(n), 0);

    // 9. Repeat, while k &lt; len
    while (k &lt; len) {
      // a. Let Pk be ToString(k).
      //   This is implicit for LHS operands of the in operator
      // b. Let kPresent be the result of calling the
      //    HasProperty internal method of O with argument Pk.
      //   This step can be combined with c
      // c. If kPresent is true, then
      //    i.  Let elementK be the result of calling the Get
      //        internal method of O with the argument ToString(k).
      //   ii.  Let same be the result of applying the
      //        Strict Equality Comparison Algorithm to
      //        searchElement and elementK.
      //  iii.  If same is true, return k.
      if (k in O &amp;&amp; O[k] === searchElement) {
        return k;
      }
      k++;
    }
    return -1;
  };
}
</code></pre>
<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>
<table class="standard-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Specification</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Comment</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-15.4.4.14" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 5.1 (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Array.prototype.indexOf</small></a></td>
<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
<td>Initial definition.<br/>
    Implemented in JavaScript 1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-array.prototype.indexof" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Array.prototype.indexOf</small></a></td>
<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>
<div>
<div class="hidden">The compatibility table in this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out <a class="external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data</a> and send us a pull request.</div>
<p></p><div class="bc-data"><a class="bc-github-link external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">Update compatibility data on GitHub</a><table class="bc-table bc-table-js"><thead><tr class="bc-platforms"><td></td><th class="bc-platform-desktop" colspan="6"><span>Desktop</span></th><th class="bc-platform-mobile" colspan="7"><span>Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-platform-server" colspan="1"><span>Server</span></th></tr><tr class="bc-browsers"><td></td><th class="bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome">Chrome</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge">Edge</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox">Firefox</span></th><th class="bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-ie">Internet Explorer</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera">Opera</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari">Safari</span></th><th class="bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-webview_android">Android webview</span></th><th class="bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome_android">Chrome for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge_mobile">Edge Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox_android">Firefox for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera_android">Opera for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari_ios">Safari on iOS</span></th><th class="bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-samsunginternet_android">Samsung Internet</span></th><th class="bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-nodejs">Node.js</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th scope="row"><code>indexOf</code></th><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              12</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              1.5</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-browser-name">IE</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              9</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">WebView Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge Mobile</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              4</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari iOS</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Samsung Internet Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-browser-name">nodejs</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
</abbr>
              Yes</td></tr></tbody></table><section class="bc-legend" id="sect1"><h3 class="offscreen" id="Legend">Legend</h3><dl><dt><span class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports">
<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
<span>Full support</span>
                  
                </abbr></span></dt><dd>Full support</dd></dl></section></div><p></p>
</div>
<h2 id="See_also" name="See_also">相关链接</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Array/lastIndexOf" title="lastIndexOf() 方法返回指定元素（也即有效的 JavaScript 值或变量）在数组中的最后一个的索引，如果不存在则返回 -1。从数组的后面向前查找，从 fromIndex 处开始。"><code>Array.prototype.lastIndexOf()</code></a></li>
<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/TypedArray/indexOf" title="indexOf() 方法返回在类型数组中可以找到给定元素的第一个索引，如果不存在，则返回-1。 方法具有与 Array.prototype.indexOf() 相同的算法。 TypedArray是这里的类型化数组类型之一。"><code>TypedArray.prototype.indexOf()</code></a></li>
</ul>
</article>