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117 lines
11 KiB
HTML
<article id="wikiArticle">
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<div></div>
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<p><code><strong>shift()</strong></code> 方法从数组中<strong>删除</strong>第一个元素，并返回该元素的值。此方法更改数组的长度。</p>
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<div><iframe class="interactive interactive-js" frameborder="0" height="250" src="https://interactive-examples.mdn.mozilla.net/pages/js/array-shift.html" width="100%"></iframe></div>
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<p class="hidden">The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone <a class="external" href="https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples" rel="noopener">https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples</a> and send us a pull request.</p>
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<h3 id="返回值">返回值 </h3>
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<p>从数组中删除的元素; 如果数组为空则返回<a href="Reference/Global_Objects/undefined" title="undefined是全局对象的一个属性。也就是说，它是全局作用域的一个变量。undefined的最初值就是原始数据类型undefined。"><code>undefined</code></a> 。 </p>
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<h2 id="语法">语法</h2>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript"><code><var>arr</var>.shift()</code></code></pre>
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<h2 id="描述">描述</h2>
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<p><code>shift</code> 方法移除索引为 0 的元素(即第一个元素)，并返回被移除的元素，其他元素的索引值随之减 1。如果 <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Array/length" title="length 是Array的实例属性。返回或设置一个数组中的元素个数。该值是一个无符号 32-bit 整数，并且总是大于数组最高项的下标。"><code>length</code></a> 属性的值为 0 (长度为 0)，则返回 <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/undefined" title="undefined是全局对象的一个属性。也就是说，它是全局作用域的一个变量。undefined的最初值就是原始数据类型undefined。"><code>undefined</code></a>。</p>
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<p><code>shift</code> 方法并不局限于数组：这个方法能够通过 <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Function/call" title="call() 方法调用一个函数, 其具有一个指定的this值和分别地提供的参数(参数的列表)。"><code>call</code></a> 或 <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Function/apply" title="apply() 方法调用一个具有给定this值的函数，以及作为一个数组（或类似数组对象）提供的参数。"><code>apply</code></a> 方法作用于类似数组的对象上。但是对于没有 length 属性（从0开始的一系列连续的数字属性的最后一个）的对象，调用该方法可能没有任何意义。</p>
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<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>
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<h3 id="移除数组中的一个元素">移除数组中的一个元素</h3>
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<p>以下代码显示了删除其第一个元素之前和之后的myFish数组。它还显示已删除的元素：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">let myFish = ['angel', 'clown', 'mandarin', 'surgeon'];
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console.log('调用 shift 之前: ' + myFish);
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// "调用 shift 之前: angel,clown,mandarin,surgeon"
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var shifted = myFish.shift();
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console.log('调用 shift 之后: ' + myFish);
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// "调用 shift 之后: clown,mandarin,surgeon"
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console.log('被删除的元素: ' + shifted);
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// "被删除的元素: angel"</code></pre>
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<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>
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<table class="standard-table">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<th scope="col">规范</th>
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<th scope="col">状态</th>
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<th scope="col">备注</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST-ARCH/ECMA-262,%203rd%20edition,%20December%201999.pdf" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener" title="ECMAScript 3rd Edition (ECMA-262)">ECMAScript 3rd Edition (ECMA-262)</a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
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<td>Initial definition. Implemented in JavaScript 1.2.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-15.4.4.9" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 5.1 (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Array.prototype.shift</small></a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-array.prototype.shift" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Array.prototype.shift</small></a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.shift" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Array.prototype.shift</small></a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Draft">Draft</span></td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<h2 id="浏览器支持">浏览器支持</h2>
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<div>
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<div>
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<div class="hidden">The compatibility table in this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out <a class="external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data</a> and send us a pull request.</div>
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<p></p><div class="bc-data"><a class="bc-github-link external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">Update compatibility data on GitHub</a><table class="bc-table bc-table-js"><thead><tr class="bc-platforms"><td></td><th class="bc-platform-desktop" colspan="6"><span>Desktop</span></th><th class="bc-platform-mobile" colspan="7"><span>Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-platform-server" colspan="1"><span>Server</span></th></tr><tr class="bc-browsers"><td></td><th class="bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome">Chrome</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge">Edge</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox">Firefox</span></th><th class="bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-ie">Internet Explorer</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera">Opera</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari">Safari</span></th><th class="bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-webview_android">Android webview</span></th><th class="bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome_android">Chrome for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge_mobile">Edge Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox_android">Firefox for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera_android">Opera for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari_ios">Safari on iOS</span></th><th class="bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-samsunginternet_android">Samsung Internet</span></th><th class="bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-nodejs">Node.js</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th scope="row"><code>shift</code></th><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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1</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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12</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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1</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-browser-name">IE</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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5.5</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">WebView Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge Mobile</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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4</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari iOS</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Samsung Internet Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-browser-name">nodejs</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td></tr></tbody></table><section class="bc-legend" id="sect1"><h3 class="offscreen" id="Legend">Legend</h3><dl><dt><span class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports">
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<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr></span></dt><dd>Full support</dd></dl></section></div><p></p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h2 id="相关链接">相关链接</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Array/push" title="push() 方法将一个或多个元素添加到数组的末尾，并返回该数组的新长度。"><code>Array.prototype.push()</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Array/pop" title="pop()方法从数组中删除最后一个元素，并返回该元素的值。此方法更改数组的长度。"><code>Array.prototype.pop()</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Array/unshift" title="unshift() 方法将一个或多个元素添加到数组的开头，并返回该数组的新长度。"><code>Array.prototype.unshift()</code></a></li>
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</ul>
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</article> |