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250 lines
30 KiB
HTML
<article class="" id="post-">
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<header class="entry-header">
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<h1 class="entry-title">.map()</h1>
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<div class="entry-meta">
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所属分类：<span class="category"><a href="/category/traversing/">遍历</a> > <a href="/category/traversing/filtering/">过滤</a></span>
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<span class="pull-right">英文文档：<a href="https://api.jquery123.com/map/" target="_blank">.map()</a></span>
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</div><!-- .entry-meta -->
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</header><!-- .entry-header -->
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<!-- .entry-header -->
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<div class="entry-content">
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<article class="entry method" id="map1"><h2 class="section-title">
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<span class="name">.map( callback(index, domElement) )</span><span class="returns">返回: <a href="/Types/#jQuery">jQuery</a></span>
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</h2>
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<div class="entry-wrapper">
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<p class="desc"><strong>描述: </strong>通过一个函数匹配当前集合中的每个元素,产生一个包含新的jQuery对象。
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</p>
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<ul class="signatures"><li class="signature" id="map-callbackindex--domElement">
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<h4 class="name">
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<span class="version-details">添加的版本: <a href="/category/version/1.2/">1.2</a></span>.map( callback(index, domElement) )</h4>
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<ul><li>
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<div><strong>callback(index, domElement)</strong></div>
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<div>类型: <a href="/Types/#Function">Function</a>()</div>
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<div>一个函数对象，会在处理集合中的每个元素时被调用。</div>
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</li></ul>
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</li></ul>
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<div class="longdesc" id="entry-longdesc">
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<p>如果你想处理一个简单的数组或对象中，使用<a href="/jQuery.map">jQuery.map()</a>代替。</p>
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<p>由于返回值是一个jQuery包裹的数组，所以通常会使用<code>get()</code>方法将其转换成普通的数组。</p>
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<p><code>.map()</code>方法特别适用于获取或设置元素集合中的值。例如，如下的表单中包含一组 checkbox 框：</p>
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<pre><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">form</span> <span class="attribute">method</span>=<span class="value">"post"</span> <span class="attribute">action</span>=<span class="value">""</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">fieldset</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">label</span> <span class="attribute">for</span>=<span class="value">"two"</span>></span>2<span class="tag"></<span class="title">label</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">input</span> <span class="attribute">type</span>=<span class="value">"checkbox"</span> <span class="attribute">value</span>=<span class="value">"2"</span> <span class="attribute">id</span>=<span class="value">"two"</span> <span class="attribute">name</span>=<span class="value">"number[]"</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">label</span> <span class="attribute">for</span>=<span class="value">"four"</span>></span>4<span class="tag"></<span class="title">label</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">input</span> <span class="attribute">type</span>=<span class="value">"checkbox"</span> <span class="attribute">value</span>=<span class="value">"4"</span> <span class="attribute">id</span>=<span class="value">"four"</span> <span class="attribute">name</span>=<span class="value">"number[]"</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">label</span> <span class="attribute">for</span>=<span class="value">"six"</span>></span>6<span class="tag"></<span class="title">label</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">input</span> <span class="attribute">type</span>=<span class="value">"checkbox"</span> <span class="attribute">value</span>=<span class="value">"6"</span> <span class="attribute">id</span>=<span class="value">"six"</span> <span class="attribute">name</span>=<span class="value">"number[]"</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">label</span> <span class="attribute">for</span>=<span class="value">"eight"</span>></span>8<span class="tag"></<span class="title">label</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">input</span> <span class="attribute">type</span>=<span class="value">"checkbox"</span> <span class="attribute">value</span>=<span class="value">"8"</span> <span class="attribute">id</span>=<span class="value">"eight"</span> <span class="attribute">name</span>=<span class="value">"number[]"</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">fieldset</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">form</span>></span></code></div></div></pre>
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</table>
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</div>
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<p>我们可以得到一个用逗号分隔的复选框 <code>ID</code>:</p>
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<div class="syntaxhighlighter javascript nogutter">
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<pre><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>$(<span class="string">':checkbox'</span>).map(<span class="keyword">function</span>() {</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">this</span>.id;</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> }).get().join();</code></div></div></pre>
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<p>此调用的结果是字符串， <code>"two,four,six,eight"</code>.</p>
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<p>在回调函数中，<code>this</code>指向每次迭代中的当前DOM元素。该函数可以返回一个单独的数据或数据数组，并在结果集合中插入。如果数组返回，数组中的元素插入到集合。如果函数返回<code>null</code>或<code>undefined</code> ，没有元素将被插入。</p>
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</div>
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<section class="entry-examples" id="entry-examples"><header><h2 class="underline">例子:</h2></header><div class="entry-example" id="example-0">
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<h4>Example: <span class="desc">获取表单中所有表单元素的值。</span>
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</h4>
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<pre><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="doctype"><!DOCTYPE html></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">html</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">head</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">style</span>></span><span class="css"></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag">p</span> <span class="rules">{ <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">color</span>:<span class="value">red;</span></span> <span class="rule">}</span></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">style</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">script</span> <span class="attribute">src</span>=<span class="value">"https://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js"</span>></span><span class="javascript"></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">script</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">head</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">body</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">p</span>></span><span class="tag"><<span class="title">b</span>></span>Values: <span class="tag"></<span class="title">b</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">p</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">form</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">input</span> <span class="attribute">type</span>=<span class="value">"text"</span> <span class="attribute">name</span>=<span class="value">"name"</span> <span class="attribute">value</span>=<span class="value">"John"</span>/></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">input</span> <span class="attribute">type</span>=<span class="value">"text"</span> <span class="attribute">name</span>=<span class="value">"password"</span> <span class="attribute">value</span>=<span class="value">"password"</span>/></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">input</span> <span class="attribute">type</span>=<span class="value">"text"</span> <span class="attribute">name</span>=<span class="value">"url"</span> <span class="attribute">value</span>=<span class="value">"http://ejohn.org/"</span>/></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">form</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">script</span>></span><span class="javascript"></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> $(<span class="string">"p"</span>).append( $(<span class="string">"input"</span>).map(<span class="keyword">function</span>(){</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="keyword">return</span> $(<span class="keyword">this</span>).val();</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> }).get().join(<span class="string">", "</span>) );</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">script</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">body</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">html</span>></span></code></div></div></pre>
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<h4>Demo:</h4>
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<div class="demo code-demo"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="entry-example" id="example-1">
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<h4>Example: <span class="desc">A contrived example to show some functionality.</span>
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<pre><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="doctype"><!DOCTYPE html></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">html</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">head</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">style</span>></span><span class="css"></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag">body</span> <span class="rules">{ <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">font-size</span>:<span class="value"><span class="number">16</span>px;</span></span> <span class="rule">}</span></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag">ul</span> <span class="rules">{ <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">float</span>:<span class="value">left;</span></span> <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">margin</span>:<span class="value"><span class="number">0</span> <span class="number">30</span>px;</span></span> <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">color</span>:<span class="value">blue;</span></span> <span class="rule">}</span></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="id">#results</span> <span class="rules">{ <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">color</span>:<span class="value">red;</span></span> <span class="rule">}</span></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">style</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">script</span> <span class="attribute">src</span>=<span class="value">"https://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js"</span>></span><span class="javascript"></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">script</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">head</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">body</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">ul</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span>></span>First<span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span>></span>Second<span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span>></span>Third<span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span>></span>Fourth<span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span>></span>Fifth<span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">ul</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">ul</span> <span class="attribute">id</span>=<span class="value">"results"</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">ul</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">script</span>></span><span class="javascript"></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="keyword">var</span> mappedItems = $(<span class="string">"li"</span>).map(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="params">(index)</span> {</span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="keyword">var</span> replacement = $(<span class="string">"<li>"</span>).text($(<span class="keyword">this</span>).text()).get(<span class="number">0</span>);</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="keyword">if</span> (index == <span class="number">0</span>) {</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="comment">/* make the first item all caps */</span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> $(replacement).text($(replacement).text().toUpperCase());</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> } <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> (index == <span class="number">1</span> || index == <span class="number">3</span>) {</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="comment">/* delete the second and fourth items */</span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> replacement = <span class="literal">null</span>;</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> } <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> (index == <span class="number">2</span>) {</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="comment">/* make two of the third item and add some text */</span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> replacement = [replacement,$(<span class="string">"<li>"</span>).get(<span class="number">0</span>)];</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> $(replacement[<span class="number">0</span>]).append(<span class="string">"<b> - A</b>"</span>);</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> $(replacement[<span class="number">1</span>]).append(<span class="string">"Extra <b> - B</b>"</span>);</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> }</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="comment">/* replacement will be a dom element, null,</span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> or an array of dom elements */</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="keyword">return</span> replacement;</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>});</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>$(<span class="string">"#results"</span>).append(mappedItems);</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">script</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">body</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">html</span>></span></code></div></div></pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<h4>Demo:</h4>
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<div class="demo code-demo"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="entry-example" id="example-2">
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<h4>Example: <span class="desc">Equalize the heights of the divs.</span>
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</h4>
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<div class="syntaxhighlighter xml ">
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<table>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td class="gutter">
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<div class="line n1">1</div>
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</td>
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<td class="code">
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<pre><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="doctype"><!DOCTYPE html></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">html</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">head</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">style</span>></span><span class="css"></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag">div</span> <span class="rules">{ <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">width</span>:<span class="value"> <span class="number">40</span>px;</span></span> <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">float</span>:<span class="value">left;</span></span> <span class="rule">}</span></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag">input</span> <span class="rules">{ <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">clear</span>:<span class="value">left}</span></span></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">style</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">script</span> <span class="attribute">src</span>=<span class="value">"https://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js"</span>></span><span class="javascript"></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">script</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">head</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">body</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">input</span> <span class="attribute">type</span>=<span class="value">"button"</span> <span class="attribute">value</span>=<span class="value">"equalize div heights"</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span> <span class="attribute">style</span>=<span class="value">"background:red; height: 40px; "</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span> <span class="attribute">style</span>=<span class="value">"background:green; height: 70px;"</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span> <span class="attribute">style</span>=<span class="value">"background:blue; height: 50px; "</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">script</span>></span><span class="javascript"></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>$.fn.equalizeHeights = <span class="keyword">function</span>() {</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="keyword">var</span> maxHeight = <span class="keyword">this</span>.map(<span class="keyword">function</span>(i,e) {</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="keyword">return</span> $(e).height();</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> }).get();</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">this</span>.height( Math.max.apply(<span class="keyword">this</span>, maxHeight) );</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>};</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>$(<span class="string">'input'</span>).click(<span class="keyword">function</span>(){</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> $(<span class="string">'div'</span>).equalizeHeights();</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>});</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">script</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">body</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">html</span>></span></code></div></div></pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<h4>Demo:</h4>
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<div class="demo code-demo"></div>
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</div></section>
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</div></article> </div>
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</article> |