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194 lines
23 KiB
HTML
<article class="" id="post-">
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<header class="entry-header">
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<h1 class="entry-title">.parents()</h1>
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<div class="entry-meta">
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所属分类：<span class="category"><a href="/category/traversing/">遍历</a> > <a href="/category/traversing/tree-traversal/">树遍历</a></span>
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<span class="pull-right">英文文档：<a href="https://api.jquery123.com/parents/" target="_blank">.parents()</a></span>
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</div><!-- .entry-meta -->
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</header><!-- .entry-header -->
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<!-- .entry-header -->
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<div class="entry-content">
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<article class="entry method" id="parents1"><h2 class="section-title">
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<span class="name">.parents( [selector ] )</span><span class="returns">返回: <a href="/Types/#jQuery">jQuery</a></span>
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</h2>
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<div class="entry-wrapper">
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<p class="desc"><strong>描述: </strong>获得集合中每个匹配元素的祖先元素，可以提供一个可选的选择器作为参数。</p>
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<ul class="signatures"><li class="signature" id="parents-selector">
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<h4 class="name">
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<span class="version-details">添加的版本: <a href="/category/version/1.0/">1.0</a></span>.parents( [selector ] )</h4>
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<ul><li>
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<div><strong>selector</strong></div>
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<div>类型: <a href="/Types/#Selector">Selector</a>
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</div>
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<div>一个选择器字符串，用于匹配元素的选择器表达式字符串。</div>
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</li></ul>
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</li></ul>
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<div class="longdesc" id="entry-longdesc">
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<p>如果提供的jQuery代表了一组DOM元素，<code>.parents()</code>方法允许我们能够在DOM树中搜索到这些元素的祖先元素，从有序的向上匹配元素，并根据匹配的元素创建一个新的 jQuery 对象;返回的元素秩序是从离他们最近的父级元素开始的（注：从里到外的顺序）。当多个DOM元素在原有集合中，返回的集合将是原来元素以<em>相反</em>的顺序排序，
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并且重复删除。</p>
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<p>如果提供的jQuery代表了一组DOM元素，<code>.parent()</code>方法允许我们能够在DOM树中搜索到这些元素的父级元素，从有序的向上匹配元素，并根据匹配的元素创建一个新的 jQuery 对象。</p>
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<p>
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<a href="/parents"><code>.parents()</code></a>和<code>.parent()</code>方法是相似的，但后者只是进行了一个单级的DOM树查找（注：也就是只查找一层，直接的父元素，而不是更加上级的祖先元素）。此外，<code>$( "html" ).parent()</code>方法返回一个包含<code>document</code>的集合，而<code>$( "html" ).parents()</code>返回一个空集合。</p>
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<p>该方法还可以接受一个可选的选择器表达式，该选择器表达式可以是任何可传给 <code>$()</code> 函数的选择器表达式。如果提供了选择器表达式，那么会先测试该元素是否满足匹配的选择器表达式。</p>
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<p>考虑一个基本的嵌套列表页：</p>
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<td class="code">
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<pre><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">ul</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"level-1"</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item-i"</span>></span>I<span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item-ii"</span>></span>II</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">ul</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"level-2"</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item-a"</span>></span>A<span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item-b"</span>></span>B</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">ul</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"level-3"</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item-1"</span>></span>1<span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item-2"</span>></span>2<span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item-3"</span>></span>3<span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">ul</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item-c"</span>></span>C<span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">ul</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">li</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"item-iii"</span>></span>III<span class="tag"></<span class="title">li</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">ul</span>></span></code></div></div></pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<p>如果我们在项目A开始，我们可以找到它的祖先元素：</p>
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<div class="syntaxhighlighter javascript nogutter">
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<table>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td class="gutter">
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<div class="line n1">1</div>
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<td class="code">
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<pre><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>$(<span class="string">'li.item-a'</span>).parents().css(<span class="string">'background-color'</span>, <span class="string">'red'</span>);</code></div></div></pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<p>这段代码调用后的结果是:ul.level-2，li.item-ii和ul.level-1元素是红色背景（并在DOM树中向上遍历，直到<code><html></code>元素）。由于我们没有提供一个选择器表达式，所以所有的祖先元素都是返回的 jQuery 对象的一部分。如果我们提供了选择器，那么只有匹配该选择器的元素才会被包含在结果（ jQuery 对象）中。</p>
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</div>
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<section class="entry-examples" id="entry-examples"><header><h2 class="underline">例子:</h2></header><div class="entry-example" id="example-0">
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<h4>Example: <span class="desc">查找每个 b 标签的所有父元素。</span>
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</h4>
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<div class="syntaxhighlighter xml ">
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<table>
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<pre><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="doctype"><!DOCTYPE html></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">html</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">head</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">style</span>></span><span class="css"></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag">b</span>, <span class="tag">span</span>, <span class="tag">p</span>, <span class="tag">html</span> <span class="tag">body</span> <span class="rules">{</span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">padding</span>:<span class="value"> .<span class="number">5</span>em;</span></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">border</span>:<span class="value"> <span class="number">1</span>px solid;</span></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="rule">}</span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag">b</span> <span class="rules">{ <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">color</span>:<span class="value">blue;</span></span> <span class="rule">}</span></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag">strong</span> <span class="rules">{ <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">color</span>:<span class="value">red;</span></span> <span class="rule">}</span></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">style</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">script</span> <span class="attribute">src</span>=<span class="value">"https://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js"</span>></span><span class="javascript"></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">script</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">head</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">body</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">p</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">span</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">b</span>></span>My parents are: <span class="tag"></<span class="title">b</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">span</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">p</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">script</span>></span><span class="javascript"></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="keyword">var</span> parentEls = $(<span class="string">"b"</span>).parents()</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> .map(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="params">()</span> {</span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">this</span>.tagName;</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> })</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> .get().join(<span class="string">", "</span>);</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>$(<span class="string">"b"</span>).append(<span class="string">"<strong>"</span> + parentEls + <span class="string">"</strong>"</span>);</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">script</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">body</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">html</span>></span></code></div></div></pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<h4>Demo:</h4>
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<div class="demo code-demo"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="entry-example" id="example-1">
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<h4>Example: <span class="desc">点击元素，查找每个 span 标签的所有独一无二的 div 父元素。</span>
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</h4>
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<div class="syntaxhighlighter xml ">
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<table>
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</td>
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<td class="code">
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<pre><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="doctype"><!DOCTYPE html></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">html</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">head</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">style</span>></span><span class="css"></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag">p</span>, <span class="tag">div</span>, <span class="tag">span</span> <span class="rules">{<span class="rule"><span class="attribute">margin</span>:<span class="value"><span class="number">2</span>px;</span></span> <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">padding</span>:<span class="value"><span class="number">1</span>px;</span></span> <span class="rule">}</span></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag">div</span> <span class="rules">{ <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">border</span>:<span class="value"><span class="number">2</span>px white solid;</span></span> <span class="rule">}</span></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag">span</span> <span class="rules">{ <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">cursor</span>:<span class="value">pointer;</span></span> <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">font-size</span>:<span class="value"><span class="number">12</span>px;</span></span> <span class="rule">}</span></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="class">.selected</span> <span class="rules">{ <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">color</span>:<span class="value">blue;</span></span> <span class="rule">}</span></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag">b</span> <span class="rules">{ <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">color</span>:<span class="value">red;</span></span> <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">display</span>:<span class="value">block;</span></span> <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">font-size</span>:<span class="value"><span class="number">14</span>px;</span></span> <span class="rule">}</span></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">style</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">script</span> <span class="attribute">src</span>=<span class="value">"https://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js"</span>></span><span class="javascript"></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">script</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">head</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">body</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">p</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span><span class="tag"><<span class="title">span</span>></span>Hello<span class="tag"></<span class="title">span</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">span</span>></span>Hello Again<span class="tag"></<span class="title">span</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">span</span>></span>And Hello Again<span class="tag"></<span class="title">span</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"></<span class="title">p</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">b</span>></span>Click Hellos to toggle their parents.<span class="tag"></<span class="title">b</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">script</span>></span><span class="javascript"></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">showParents</span><span class="params">()</span> {</span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> $(<span class="string">"div"</span>).css(<span class="string">"border-color"</span>, <span class="string">"white"</span>);</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="keyword">var</span> len = $(<span class="string">"span.selected"</span>)</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> .parents(<span class="string">"div"</span>)</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> .css(<span class="string">"border"</span>, <span class="string">"2px red solid"</span>)</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> .length;</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> $(<span class="string">"b"</span>).text(<span class="string">"Unique div parents: "</span> + len);</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>}</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>$(<span class="string">"span"</span>).click(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="params">()</span> {</span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> $(<span class="keyword">this</span>).toggleClass(<span class="string">"selected"</span>);</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> showParents();</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>});<span class="tag"></<span class="title">script</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">body</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">html</span>></span></code></div></div></pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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||
</tbody>
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||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h4>Demo:</h4>
|
||
<div class="demo code-demo"></div>
|
||
</div></section>
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||
</div></article> </div>
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</article> |