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116 lines
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116 lines
5.1 KiB
HTML
<h1 id="partprobe">partprobe</h1>
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<p>不重启的情况下重读分区</p>
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<h2 id="补充说明">补充说明</h2>
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<p><strong>partprobe命令</strong> 用于重读分区表，当出现删除文件后，出现仍然占用空间。可以partprobe在不重启的情况下重读分区。</p>
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<h3 id="语法">语法</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">partprobe(选项)(参数)</code></pre>
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<h3 id="选项">选项</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">-d：不更新内核；
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-s：显示摘要和分区；
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-h：显示帮助信息；
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-v：显示版本信息。</code></pre>
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<h3 id="参数">参数</h3>
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<p>设备：指定需要确认分区表改变的硬盘对应的设备文件。</p>
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<h3 id="实例">实例</h3>
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<p>使用partprobe不重启系统添加新的磁盘分区，主机自带硬盘超过300GB，目前只划分使用了3个主分区，不到70GB，如下：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">[root@localhost ~]# df -h
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Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
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/dev/sda1 29G 3.7G 24G 14% /
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/dev/sda2 29G 22G 5.2G 81% /oracle
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tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm</code></pre>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/partitions
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major minor #blocks name
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8 0 311427072 sda
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8 1 30716248 sda1
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8 2 30716280 sda2
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8 3 8193150 sda3
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8 16 976896 sdb
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8 32 976896 sdc
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…省略其他
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</code></pre>
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<p>现在需要给系统添加1个100GB的空间存放数据文件，而又不影响现有系统上业务的运行，使用fdisk结合partprobe命令不重启系统添加一块新的磁盘分区。操作步骤如下：</p>
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<p><strong>第1步 添加新的磁盘分区</strong> ：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
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The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 38770.
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There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
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and could in certain setups cause problems with:
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1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of lilo)
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2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
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(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
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command (m for help): p
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Disk /dev/sda: 318.9 GB, 318901321728 bytes
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255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38770 cylinders
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Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
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Device Boot Start End Blocks id System
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/dev/sda1 * 1 3824 30716248+ 83 Linux
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/dev/sda2 3825 7648 30716280 83 Linux
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/dev/sda3 7649 8668 8193150 82 Linux swap / Solaris
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Command (m for help): n
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Command action
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e extended
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p primary partition (1-4)
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p
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Selected partition 4
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First cylinder (8669-38770, default 8669):
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Using default value 8669
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last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (8669-38770, default 38770): +100G
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Command (m for help): w
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The partition table has been altered!
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Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
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WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16:
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Device or resource busy.
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The kernel still uses the old table.
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The new table will be used at the next reboot.
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Syncing disks.</code></pre>
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<p><strong>第2步 使用工具partprobe让kernel读取分区信息：</strong></p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">[root@localhost ~]# partprobe</code></pre>
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<p>使用fdisk工具只是将分区信息写到磁盘，如果需要mkfs磁盘分区则需要重启系统，而使用partprobe则可以使kernel重新读取分区信息，从而避免重启系统。</p>
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<p><strong>第3步 格式化文件系统：</strong></p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda4
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mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
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Filesystem label=
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OS type: Linux
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Block size=4096 (log=2)
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Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
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12222464 inodes, 24416791 blocks
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1220839 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
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First data block=0
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Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
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746 block groups
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32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
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16384 inodes per group
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Superblock backups stored on blocks:
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32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632,
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2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
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Writing inode tables: done
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Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
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Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:
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done
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This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
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180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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[root@localhost ~]#</code></pre>
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<p><strong>第4步 mount新的分区<code>/dev/sda4</code>：</strong></p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">[root@localhost ~]# e2label /dev/sda4 /data
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[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data
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[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sda4 /data
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[root@localhost ~]# df
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Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
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/dev/sda1 29753556 3810844 24406900 14% /
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/dev/sda2 29753588 11304616 16913160 41% /oracle
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tmpfs 2023936 0 2023936 0% /dev/shm
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/dev/sda4 96132968 192312 91057300 1% /data</code></pre>
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<p>使用partprobe可以不用重启系统即可配合fdisk工具创建新的分区。</p>
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