mirror of
https://github.com/fofolee/uTools-Manuals.git
synced 2025-06-18 05:26:57 +08:00
316 lines
14 KiB
HTML
316 lines
14 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
|
<html>
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
|
|
<title>从命令行参数列表中获取选项</title>
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body class="docs"><div id="layout">
|
|
<div id="layout-content"><div id="function.getopt" class="refentry">
|
|
<div class="refnamediv">
|
|
<h1 class="refname">getopt</h1>
|
|
<p class="verinfo">(PHP 4 >= 4.3.0, PHP 5, PHP 7)</p><p class="refpurpose"><span class="refname">getopt</span> — <span class="dc-title">从命令行参数列表中获取选项</span></p>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="refsect1 description" id="refsect1-function.getopt-description">
|
|
<h3 class="title">说明</h3>
|
|
<div class="methodsynopsis dc-description">
|
|
<span class="methodname"><strong>getopt</strong></span>
|
|
( <span class="methodparam"><span class="type">string</span> <code class="parameter">$options</code></span>
|
|
[, <span class="methodparam"><span class="type">array</span> <code class="parameter">$longopts</code></span>
|
|
[, <span class="methodparam"><span class="type">int</span> <code class="parameter reference">&$optind</code></span>
|
|
]] ) : <span class="type">array</span></div>
|
|
|
|
<p class="para rdfs-comment">
|
|
解析传入脚本的选项。
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="refsect1 parameters" id="refsect1-function.getopt-parameters">
|
|
<h3 class="title">参数</h3>
|
|
<p class="para">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt>
|
|
<code class="parameter">options</code></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd>
|
|
|
|
<span class="simpara">
|
|
该字符串中的每个字符会被当做选项字符，匹配传入脚本的选项以单个连字符(-)开头。
|
|
</span>
|
|
<span class="simpara">
|
|
比如，一个选项字符串 <em>"x"</em> 识别了一个选项 <em>-x</em>。
|
|
</span>
|
|
<span class="simpara">
|
|
只允许 a-z、A-Z 和 0-9。
|
|
</span>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt>
|
|
<code class="parameter">longopts</code></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd>
|
|
|
|
<span class="simpara">
|
|
选项数组。此数组中的每个元素会被作为选项字符串，匹配了以两个连字符(<em>--</em>)传入到脚本的选项。
|
|
</span>
|
|
<span class="simpara">
|
|
例如，长选项元素 <em>"opt"</em> 识别了一个选项 <em>--opt</em>。
|
|
</span>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<dt>
|
|
<code class="parameter">optind</code></dt>
|
|
|
|
<dd>
|
|
|
|
<span class="simpara">
|
|
If the <code class="parameter">optind</code> parameter is present, then the
|
|
index where argument parsing stopped will be written to this variable.
|
|
</span>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="para">
|
|
<code class="parameter">options</code> 可能包含了以下元素：
|
|
<ul class="simplelist">
|
|
<li class="member">单独的字符（不接受值）</li>
|
|
<li class="member">后面跟随冒号的字符（此选项需要值）</li>
|
|
<li class="member">后面跟随两个冒号的字符（此选项的值可选）</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
选项的值是字符串后的第一个参数。如果需要一个值，它不介意值之前是否有前置的空格，参见以下内容。
|
|
<blockquote class="note"><p><strong class="note">Note</strong>:
|
|
<span class="simpara">
|
|
选项的值不接受空格（<em>" "</em>）作为分隔符。
|
|
</span>
|
|
</p></blockquote>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<blockquote class="note"><p><strong class="note">Note</strong>:
|
|
<p class="para">
|
|
<code class="parameter">options</code> 和 <code class="parameter">longopts</code> 的格式几乎是一样的，唯一的不同之处是 <code class="parameter">longopts</code> 需要是选项的数组（每个元素为一个选项），而 <code class="parameter">options</code> 需要一个字符串（每个字符是个选项）。
|
|
</p>
|
|
</p></blockquote>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="refsect1 returnvalues" id="refsect1-function.getopt-returnvalues">
|
|
<h3 class="title">返回值</h3>
|
|
<p class="para">
|
|
此函数会返回选项/参数对， 或者在失败时返回 <strong><code>FALSE</code></strong>。
|
|
</p>
|
|
<blockquote class="note"><p><strong class="note">Note</strong>:
|
|
<p class="para">
|
|
选项的解析会终止于找到的第一个非选项，之后的任何东西都会被丢弃。
|
|
</p>
|
|
</p></blockquote>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="refsect1 changelog" id="refsect1-function.getopt-changelog">
|
|
<h3 class="title">更新日志</h3>
|
|
<p class="para">
|
|
<table class="doctable informaltable">
|
|
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>版本</th>
|
|
<th>说明</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</thead>
|
|
|
|
<tbody class="tbody">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>7.1.0</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
添加 <code class="parameter">optind</code> 参数。
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>5.3.0</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
支持 "=" 作为 参数和值的分隔符。
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>5.3.0</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
增加了可选值的支持（用"::"指定）。
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>5.3.0</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
参数 <code class="parameter">longopts</code> 在所有系统平台上均可用。
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>5.3.0</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
此函数不再依赖于操作系统，现在也能够在 Windows 上运行。
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="refsect1 examples" id="refsect1-function.getopt-examples">
|
|
<h3 class="title">范例</h3>
|
|
<p class="para">
|
|
<div class="example" id="example-507">
|
|
<p><strong>Example #1 <span class="function"><strong>getopt()</strong></span> 例子：基本用法</strong></p>
|
|
<div class="example-contents">
|
|
<div class="phpcode"><pre><span style="color: #000000">
|
|
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// Script example.php<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$options </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">getopt</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"f:hp:"</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">var_dump</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$options</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="example-contents">
|
|
<div class="shellcode"><pre class="shellcode">shell> php example.php -fvalue -h</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="example-contents"><p>以上例程会输出：</p></div>
|
|
<div class="example-contents screen">
|
|
<div class="cdata"><pre>
|
|
array(2) {
|
|
["f"]=>
|
|
string(5) "value"
|
|
["h"]=>
|
|
bool(false)
|
|
}
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="para">
|
|
<div class="example" id="example-508">
|
|
<p><strong>Example #2 <span class="function"><strong>getopt()</strong></span> 例子：引入长选项</strong></p>
|
|
<div class="example-contents">
|
|
<div class="phpcode"><pre><span style="color: #000000">
|
|
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// Script example.php<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$shortopts </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #DD0000">""</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$shortopts </span><span style="color: #007700">.= </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"f:"</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// Required value<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$shortopts </span><span style="color: #007700">.= </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"v::"</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// Optional value<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$shortopts </span><span style="color: #007700">.= </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"abc"</span><span style="color: #007700">; </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// These options do not accept values<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$longopts </span><span style="color: #007700">= array(<br /> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"required:"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// Required value<br /> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"optional::"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// Optional value<br /> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"option"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// No value<br /> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"opt"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #FF8000">// No value<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$options </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">getopt</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$shortopts</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$longopts</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">var_dump</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$options</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="example-contents">
|
|
<div class="shellcode"><pre class="shellcode">shell> php example.php -f "value for f" -v -a --required value --optional="optional value" --option</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="example-contents"><p>以上例程会输出：</p></div>
|
|
<div class="example-contents screen">
|
|
<div class="cdata"><pre>
|
|
array(6) {
|
|
["f"]=>
|
|
string(11) "value for f"
|
|
["v"]=>
|
|
bool(false)
|
|
["a"]=>
|
|
bool(false)
|
|
["required"]=>
|
|
string(5) "value"
|
|
["optional"]=>
|
|
string(14) "optional value"
|
|
["option"]=>
|
|
bool(false)
|
|
}
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="para">
|
|
<div class="example" id="example-509">
|
|
<p><strong>Example #3 <span class="function"><strong>getopt()</strong></span> 例子：传递同一多个选项</strong></p>
|
|
<div class="example-contents">
|
|
<div class="phpcode"><pre><span style="color: #000000">
|
|
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// Script example.php<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$options </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">getopt</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"abc"</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">var_dump</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$options</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="example-contents">
|
|
<div class="shellcode"><pre class="shellcode">shell> php example.php -aaac</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="example-contents"><p>以上例程会输出：</p></div>
|
|
<div class="example-contents screen">
|
|
<div class="cdata"><pre>
|
|
array(2) {
|
|
["a"]=>
|
|
array(3) {
|
|
[0]=>
|
|
bool(false)
|
|
[1]=>
|
|
bool(false)
|
|
[2]=>
|
|
bool(false)
|
|
}
|
|
["c"]=>
|
|
bool(false)
|
|
}
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p class="para">
|
|
<div class="example" id="example-510">
|
|
<p><strong>Example #4 <span class="function"><strong>getopt()</strong></span> 例子：使用 <code class="parameter">optind</code></strong></p>
|
|
<div class="example-contents">
|
|
<div class="phpcode"><pre><span style="color: #000000">
|
|
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// Script example.php<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$optind </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">null</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$opts </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">getopt</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'a:b:'</span><span style="color: #007700">, [], </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$optind</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$pos_args </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #0000BB">array_slice</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$argv</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$optind</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">var_dump</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$pos_args</span><span style="color: #007700">);</span>
|
|
</span>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="example-contents">
|
|
<div class="shellcode"><pre class="shellcode">shell> php example.php -a 1 -b 2 -- test</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="example-contents"><p>以上例程会输出：</p></div>
|
|
<div class="example-contents screen">
|
|
<div class="cdata"><pre>
|
|
array(1) {
|
|
[0]=>
|
|
string(4) "test"
|
|
}
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="refsect1 seealso" id="refsect1-function.getopt-seealso">
|
|
<h3 class="title">参见</h3>
|
|
<p class="para">
|
|
<ul class="simplelist">
|
|
<li class="member"><a href="reserved.variables.argv.html" class="link"><var class="varname"><var class="varname"><a href="reserved.variables.argv.html" class="classname">$argv</a></var></var></a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div></div></div></body></html> |