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267 lines
11 KiB
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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<title>解析 URL，返回其组成部分</title>
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</head>
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<body class="docs"><div id="layout">
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<div id="layout-content"><div id="function.parse-url" class="refentry">
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<div class="refnamediv">
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<h1 class="refname">parse_url</h1>
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<p class="verinfo">(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)</p><p class="refpurpose"><span class="refname">parse_url</span> — <span class="dc-title">解析 URL，返回其组成部分</span></p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1 description" id="refsect1-function.parse-url-description">
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<h3 class="title">说明</h3>
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<div class="methodsynopsis dc-description">
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<span class="methodname"><strong>parse_url</strong></span>
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( <span class="methodparam"><span class="type">string</span> <code class="parameter">$url</code></span>
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[, <span class="methodparam"><span class="type">int</span> <code class="parameter">$component</code><span class="initializer"> = -1</span></span>
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] ) : <span class="type"><a href="language.pseudo-types.html#language.types.mixed" class="type mixed">mixed</a></span></div>
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<p class="para rdfs-comment">
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本函数解析一个 URL 并返回一个关联数组，包含在 URL 中出现的各种组成部分。
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</p>
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<p class="para">
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本函数<em class="emphasis">不是</em>用来验证给定 URL
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的合法性的，只是将其分解为下面列出的部分。不完整的 URL
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也被接受，<span class="function"><strong>parse_url()</strong></span> 会尝试尽量正确地将其解析。
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1 parameters" id="refsect1-function.parse-url-parameters">
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<h3 class="title">参数</h3>
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<p class="para">
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<dl>
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<dt>
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<code class="parameter">url</code></dt>
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<dd>
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<p class="para">
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要解析的 URL。无效字符将使用
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<em>_</em> 来替换。
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</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl>
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<dt>
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<code class="parameter">component</code></dt>
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<dd>
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<p class="para">
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指定 <strong><code>PHP_URL_SCHEME</code></strong>、
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<strong><code>PHP_URL_HOST</code></strong>、 <strong><code>PHP_URL_PORT</code></strong>、
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<strong><code>PHP_URL_USER</code></strong>、 <strong><code>PHP_URL_PASS</code></strong>、
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<strong><code>PHP_URL_PATH</code></strong>、 <strong><code>PHP_URL_QUERY</code></strong>
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或 <strong><code>PHP_URL_FRAGMENT</code></strong> 的其中一个来获取 URL 中指定的部分的 <span class="type"><a href="language.types.string.html" class="type string">string</a></span>。 （除了指定为 <strong><code>PHP_URL_PORT</code></strong> 后，将返回一个 <span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span> 的值）。
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</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1 returnvalues" id="refsect1-function.parse-url-returnvalues">
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<h3 class="title">返回值</h3>
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<p class="para">
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对严重不合格的 URL，<span class="function"><strong>parse_url()</strong></span> 可能会返回
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<strong><code>FALSE</code></strong>。
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</p>
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<p class="para">
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如果省略了 <code class="parameter">component</code> 参数，将返回一个关联数组 <span class="type"><a href="language.types.array.html" class="type array">array</a></span>，在目前至少会有一个元素在该数组中。数组中可能的键有以下几种：
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<ul class="itemizedlist">
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<li class="listitem">
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<span class="simpara">
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<var class="varname"><var class="varname">scheme</var></var> - 如 http
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</span>
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</li>
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<li class="listitem">
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<span class="simpara">
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<var class="varname"><var class="varname">host</var></var>
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</span>
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</li>
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<li class="listitem">
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<span class="simpara">
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<var class="varname"><var class="varname">port</var></var>
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</span>
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</li>
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<li class="listitem">
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<span class="simpara">
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<var class="varname"><var class="varname">user</var></var>
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</span>
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</li>
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<li class="listitem">
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<span class="simpara">
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<var class="varname"><var class="varname">pass</var></var>
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</span>
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</li>
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<li class="listitem">
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<span class="simpara">
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<var class="varname"><var class="varname">path</var></var>
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</span>
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</li>
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<li class="listitem">
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<span class="simpara">
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<var class="varname"><var class="varname">query</var></var> - 在问号 <em>?</em> 之后
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</span>
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</li>
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<li class="listitem">
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<span class="simpara">
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<var class="varname"><var class="varname">fragment</var></var> - 在散列符号 <em>#</em> 之后
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</span>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</p>
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<p class="para">
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如果指定了 <code class="parameter">component</code> 参数，
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<span class="function"><strong>parse_url()</strong></span> 返回一个 <span class="type"><a href="language.types.string.html" class="type string">string</a></span> （或在指定为 <strong><code>PHP_URL_PORT</code></strong> 时返回一个 <span class="type"><a href="language.types.integer.html" class="type integer">integer</a></span>）而不是 <span class="type"><a href="language.types.array.html" class="type array">array</a></span>。如果 URL 中指定的组成部分不存在，将会返回 <strong><code>NULL</code></strong>。
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1 changelog" id="refsect1-function.parse-url-changelog">
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<h3 class="title">更新日志</h3>
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<p class="para">
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<table class="doctable informaltable">
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>版本</th>
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<th>说明</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody class="tbody">
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<tr>
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<td>5.4.7</td>
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<td>
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修复了 <em class="emphasis">host</em> 在 <em class="emphasis">协议</em> 省略时的识别。
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>5.3.3</td>
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<td>
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在 URL 解析失败时将不会产生 <strong><code>E_WARNING</code></strong> 级别的错误。
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>5.1.2</td>
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<td>增加了参数 <code class="parameter">component</code>。</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1 examples" id="refsect1-function.parse-url-examples">
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<h3 class="title">范例</h3>
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<p class="para">
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<div class="example" id="example-4891">
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<p><strong>Example #1 <span class="function"><strong>parse_url()</strong></span> 例子</strong></p>
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<div class="example-contents">
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<div class="phpcode"><pre><span style="color: #000000">
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<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />$url </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'http://username:password@hostname/path?arg=value#anchor'</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">print_r</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">parse_url</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$url</span><span style="color: #007700">));<br /><br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">parse_url</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$url</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">PHP_URL_PATH</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
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</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="example-contents"><p>以上例程会输出：</p></div>
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<div class="example-contents screen">
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<div class="cdata"><pre>
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Array
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(
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[scheme] => http
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[host] => hostname
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[user] => username
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[pass] => password
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[path] => /path
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[query] => arg=value
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[fragment] => anchor
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)
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/path
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</p>
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<p class="para">
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<div class="example" id="example-4892">
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<p><strong>Example #2 <span class="function"><strong>parse_url()</strong></span> 解析丢失协议的例子</strong></p>
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<div class="example-contents">
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<div class="phpcode"><pre><span style="color: #000000">
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<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />$url </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'//www.example.com/path?googleguy=googley'</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">// 在 5.4.7 之前这会输出路径 "//www.example.com/path"<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">var_dump</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">parse_url</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$url</span><span style="color: #007700">));<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
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</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<div class="example-contents"><p>以上例程会输出：</p></div>
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<div class="example-contents screen">
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<div class="cdata"><pre>
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array(3) {
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["host"]=>
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string(15) "www.example.com"
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["path"]=>
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string(5) "/path"
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["query"]=>
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string(17) "googleguy=googley"
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}
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1 notes" id="refsect1-function.parse-url-notes">
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<h3 class="title">注释</h3>
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<blockquote class="note"><p><strong class="note">Note</strong>:
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<p class="para">
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本函数不能用于相对 URL。
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</p>
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</p></blockquote>
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<blockquote class="note"><p><strong class="note">Note</strong>:
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<p class="para">
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<span class="function"><strong>parse_url()</strong></span> 是专门用来解析 URL 而不是 URI 的。不过为遵从 PHP
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向后兼容的需要有个例外，对 file:// 协议允许三个斜线（file:///...）。其它任何协议都不能这样。
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</p>
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</p></blockquote>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1 seealso" id="refsect1-function.parse-url-seealso">
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<h3 class="title">参见</h3>
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<p class="para">
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<ul class="simplelist">
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<li class="member"><span class="function"><a href="pathinfo.html" class="function" rel="rdfs-seeAlso">pathinfo()</a> - 返回文件路径的信息</span></li>
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<li class="member"><span class="function"><a href="parse_str.html" class="function" rel="rdfs-seeAlso">parse_str()</a> - 将字符串解析成多个变量</span></li>
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<li class="member"><span class="function"><a href="http_build_query.html" class="function" rel="rdfs-seeAlso">http_build_query()</a> - 生成 URL-encode 之后的请求字符串</span></li>
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<li class="member"><span class="function"><strong>http_build_url()</strong></span></li>
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<li class="member"><span class="function"><a href="dirname.html" class="function" rel="rdfs-seeAlso">dirname()</a> - 返回路径中的目录部分</span></li>
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<li class="member"><span class="function"><a href="basename.html" class="function" rel="rdfs-seeAlso">basename()</a> - 返回路径中的文件名部分</span></li>
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<li class="member"><a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3986" class="link external">» RFC 3986</a></li>
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</ul>
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</p>
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</div>
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</div></div></div></body></html> |