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456 lines
24 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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<title>执行一个全局正则表达式匹配</title>
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</head>
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<body class="docs"><div id="layout">
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<div id="layout-content"><div id="function.preg-match-all" class="refentry">
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<div class="refnamediv">
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<h1 class="refname">preg_match_all</h1>
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<p class="verinfo">(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)</p><p class="refpurpose"><span class="refname">preg_match_all</span> — <span class="dc-title">执行一个全局正则表达式匹配</span></p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1 description" id="refsect1-function.preg-match-all-description">
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<h3 class="title">说明</h3>
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<div class="methodsynopsis dc-description">
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<span class="methodname"><strong>preg_match_all</strong></span>
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( <span class="methodparam"><span class="type">string</span> <code class="parameter">$pattern</code></span>
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, <span class="methodparam"><span class="type">string</span> <code class="parameter">$subject</code></span>
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[, <span class="methodparam"><span class="type">array</span> <code class="parameter reference">&$matches</code></span>
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[, <span class="methodparam"><span class="type">int</span> <code class="parameter">$flags</code><span class="initializer"> = <strong><code>PREG_PATTERN_ORDER</code></strong></span></span>
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[, <span class="methodparam"><span class="type">int</span> <code class="parameter">$offset</code><span class="initializer"> = 0</span></span>
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]]] ) : <span class="type">int</span></div>
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<p class="para rdfs-comment">
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搜索<code class="parameter">subject</code>中所有匹配<code class="parameter">pattern</code>给定正则表达式
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的匹配结果并且将它们以<code class="parameter">flag</code>指定顺序输出到<code class="parameter">matches</code>中.
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</p>
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<p class="para">
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在第一个匹配找到后, 子序列继续从最后一次匹配位置搜索.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1 parameters" id="refsect1-function.preg-match-all-parameters">
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<h3 class="title">参数</h3>
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<p class="para">
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<dl>
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<dt>
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<code class="parameter">pattern</code></dt>
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<dd>
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<p class="para">
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要搜索的模式，字符串形式。
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>
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<code class="parameter">subject</code></dt>
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<dd>
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<p class="para">
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输入字符串。
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>
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<code class="parameter">matches</code></dt>
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<dd>
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<p class="para">
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多维数组，作为输出参数输出所有匹配结果, 数组排序通过<code class="parameter">flags</code>指定。
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>
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<code class="parameter">flags</code></dt>
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<dd>
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<p class="para">
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可以结合下面标记使用(注意不能同时使用<strong><code>PREG_PATTERN_ORDER</code></strong>和
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<strong><code>PREG_SET_ORDER</code></strong>)：
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<dl>
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<dt>
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<strong><code>PREG_PATTERN_ORDER</code></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p class="para">
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结果排序为<var class="varname"><var class="varname">$matches[0]</var></var>保存完整模式的所有匹配, <var class="varname"><var class="varname">$matches[1]</var></var>
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保存第一个子组的所有匹配，以此类推。
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</p>
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<p class="para">
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<div class="informalexample">
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<div class="example-contents">
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<div class="phpcode"><pre><span style="color: #000000">
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<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />preg_match_all</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"|<[^>]+>(.*)</[^>]+>|U"</span><span style="color: #007700">,<br /> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"<b>example: </b><div align=left>this is a test</div>"</span><span style="color: #007700">,<br /> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$out</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">PREG_PATTERN_ORDER</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$out</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #0000BB">0</span><span style="color: #007700">][</span><span style="color: #0000BB">0</span><span style="color: #007700">] . </span><span style="color: #DD0000">", " </span><span style="color: #007700">. </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$out</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #0000BB">0</span><span style="color: #007700">][</span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">] . </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$out</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">][</span><span style="color: #0000BB">0</span><span style="color: #007700">] . </span><span style="color: #DD0000">", " </span><span style="color: #007700">. </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$out</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">][</span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">] . </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
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</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p class="para">以上例程会输出：</p>
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<div class="example-contents screen">
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<div class="cdata"><pre>
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<b>example: </b>, <div align=left>this is a test</div>
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example: , this is a test
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p class="para">
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因此, <var class="varname"><var class="varname">$out[0]</var></var>是包含匹配完整模式的字符串的数组，
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<var class="varname"><var class="varname">$out[1]</var></var>是包含闭合标签内的字符串的数组。
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</p>
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</div>
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</p>
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<p class="para">
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如果正则表达式包含了带名称的子组，<var class="varname"><var class="varname">$matches</var></var> 额外包含了带名称子组的键。
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</p>
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<p class="para">
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如果正则表达式里，子组名称重名了，则仅最右侧的自组储存在 <var class="varname"><var class="varname">$matches[NAME]</var></var> 中。
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<div class="informalexample">
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<div class="example-contents">
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<div class="phpcode"><pre><span style="color: #000000">
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<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />preg_match_all</span><span style="color: #007700">(<br /> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'/(?J)(?<match>foo)|(?<match>bar)/'</span><span style="color: #007700">,<br /> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'foo bar'</span><span style="color: #007700">,<br /> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$matches</span><span style="color: #007700">,<br /> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">PREG_PATTERN_ORDER<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">print_r</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$matches</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'match'</span><span style="color: #007700">]);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
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</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p class="para">以上例程会输出：</p>
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<div class="example-contents screen">
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<div class="cdata"><pre>
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Array
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(
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[0] =>
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[1] => bar
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)
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>
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<strong><code>PREG_SET_ORDER</code></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p class="para">
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结果排序为<var class="varname"><var class="varname">$matches[0]</var></var>包含第一次匹配得到的所有匹配(包含子组)，
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<var class="varname"><var class="varname">$matches[1]</var></var>是包含第二次匹配到的所有匹配(包含子组)的数组，以此类推。
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<div class="informalexample">
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<div class="example-contents">
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<div class="phpcode"><pre><span style="color: #000000">
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<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />preg_match_all</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"|<[^>]+>(.*)</[^>]+>|U"</span><span style="color: #007700">,<br /> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"<b>example: </b><div align=\"left\">this is a test</div>"</span><span style="color: #007700">,<br /> </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$out</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">PREG_SET_ORDER</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$out</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #0000BB">0</span><span style="color: #007700">][</span><span style="color: #0000BB">0</span><span style="color: #007700">] . </span><span style="color: #DD0000">", " </span><span style="color: #007700">. </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$out</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #0000BB">0</span><span style="color: #007700">][</span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">] . </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />echo </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$out</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">][</span><span style="color: #0000BB">0</span><span style="color: #007700">] . </span><span style="color: #DD0000">", " </span><span style="color: #007700">. </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$out</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">][</span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">] . </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
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</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p class="para">以上例程会输出：</p>
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<div class="example-contents screen">
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<div class="cdata"><pre>
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<b>example: </b>, example:
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<div align="left">this is a test</div>, this is a test
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>
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<strong><code>PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE</code></strong></dt>
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<dd>
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<p class="para">
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如果这个标记被传递，每个发现的匹配返回时会增加它相对目标字符串的偏移量。
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注意这会改变<code class="parameter">matches</code>中的每一个匹配结果字符串元素，使其
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成为一个第<em>0</em>个元素为匹配结果字符串，第<em>1</em>个元素为
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匹配结果字符串在<code class="parameter">subject</code>中的偏移量。
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<div class="informalexample">
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<div class="example-contents">
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<div class="phpcode"><pre><span style="color: #000000">
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<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />preg_match_all</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'/(foo)(bar)(baz)/'</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #DD0000">'foobarbaz'</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$matches</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">print_r</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$matches</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
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</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p class="para">以上例程会输出：</p>
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<div class="example-contents screen">
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<div class="cdata"><pre>
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Array
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(
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[0] => Array
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(
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[0] => Array
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(
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[0] => foobarbaz
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[1] => 0
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)
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)
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[1] => Array
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(
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[0] => Array
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(
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[0] => foo
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[1] => 0
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)
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)
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[2] => Array
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(
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[0] => Array
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(
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[0] => bar
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[1] => 3
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)
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)
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[3] => Array
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(
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[0] => Array
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(
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[0] => baz
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[1] => 6
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)
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)
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)
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</p>
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<p class="para">
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如果没有给定排序标记，假定设置为<strong><code>PREG_PATTERN_ORDER</code></strong>。
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>
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<code class="parameter">offset</code></dt>
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<dd>
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<p class="para">
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通常， 查找时从目标字符串的开始位置开始。可选参数<code class="parameter">offset</code>用于
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从目标字符串中指定位置开始搜索(单位是字节)。
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</p>
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<blockquote class="note"><p><strong class="note">Note</strong>:
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<p class="para">
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使用 <code class="parameter">offset</code> 参数不同于传递 <em>substr($subject, $offset)</em> 的
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结果到 <span class="function"><strong>preg_match_all()</strong></span> 作为目标字符串，因为 <code class="parameter">pattern</code>
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可以包含断言比如<em class="emphasis">^</em>， <em class="emphasis">$</em> 或者 <em class="emphasis">(?<=x) </em>。
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示例查看 <span class="function"><a href="preg_match.html" class="function">preg_match()</a></span>。
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</p>
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</p></blockquote>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1 returnvalues" id="refsect1-function.preg-match-all-returnvalues">
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<h3 class="title">返回值</h3>
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<p class="para">
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返回完整匹配次数（可能是0），或者如果发生错误返回<strong><code>FALSE</code></strong>。
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1 changelog" id="refsect1-function.preg-match-all-changelog">
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<h3 class="title">更新日志</h3>
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<p class="para">
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<table class="doctable informaltable">
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>版本</th>
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<th>说明</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody class="tbody">
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<tr>
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<td>5.4.0</td>
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<td>
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参数<code class="parameter">matches</code>成为可选的。
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>5.3.6</td>
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<td>
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如果 <code class="parameter">offset</code>
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大于
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<code class="parameter">subject</code> 的程度，将返回 <strong><code>FALSE</code></strong>。
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>5.2.2</td>
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<td>
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子命名分组语法可以接受<em>(?<name>)</em>，<em>(?'name')</em>以及
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<em>(?P<name>)</em>了。 之前版本仅接受<em>(?P<name>)</em>方式。
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1 examples" id="refsect1-function.preg-match-all-examples">
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<h3 class="title">范例</h3>
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<p class="para">
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<div class="example" id="example-5859">
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<p><strong>Example #1 查找所有文本中的电话号码。</strong></p>
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<div class="example-contents">
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<div class="phpcode"><pre><span style="color: #000000">
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<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br />preg_match_all</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"/\(? (\d{3})? \)? (?(1) [\-\s] ) \d{3}-\d{4}/x"</span><span style="color: #007700">,<br /> </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"Call 555-1212 or 1-800-555-1212"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$phones</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
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</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</p>
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<p class="para">
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<div class="example" id="example-5860">
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<p><strong>Example #2 查找匹配的HTML标签（贪婪）</strong></p>
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<div class="example-contents">
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<div class="phpcode"><pre><span style="color: #000000">
|
||
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">//\\2是一个后向引用的示例. 这会告诉pcre它必须匹配正则表达式中第二个圆括号(这里是([\w]+))<br />//匹配到的结果. 这里使用两个反斜线是因为这里使用了双引号.<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">$html </span><span style="color: #007700">= </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"<b>bold text</b><a href=howdy.html>click me</a>"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">preg_match_all</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">"/(<([\w]+)[^>]*>)(.*?)(<\/\\2>)/"</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$html</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$matches</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">PREG_SET_ORDER</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /><br />foreach (</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$matches </span><span style="color: #007700">as </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$val</span><span style="color: #007700">) {<br /> echo </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"matched: " </span><span style="color: #007700">. </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$val</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #0000BB">0</span><span style="color: #007700">] . </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /> echo </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"part 1: " </span><span style="color: #007700">. </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$val</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #0000BB">1</span><span style="color: #007700">] . </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /> echo </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"part 2: " </span><span style="color: #007700">. </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$val</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #0000BB">2</span><span style="color: #007700">] . </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /> echo </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"part 3: " </span><span style="color: #007700">. </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$val</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #0000BB">3</span><span style="color: #007700">] . </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br /> echo </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"part 4: " </span><span style="color: #007700">. </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$val</span><span style="color: #007700">[</span><span style="color: #0000BB">4</span><span style="color: #007700">] . </span><span style="color: #DD0000">"\n\n"</span><span style="color: #007700">;<br />}<br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="example-contents"><p>以上例程会输出：</p></div>
|
||
<div class="example-contents screen">
|
||
<div class="cdata"><pre>
|
||
matched: <b>bold text</b>
|
||
part 1: <b>
|
||
part 2: b
|
||
part 3: bold text
|
||
part 4: </b>
|
||
|
||
matched: <a href=howdy.html>click me</a>
|
||
part 1: <a href=howdy.html>
|
||
part 2: a
|
||
part 3: click me
|
||
part 4: </a>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p class="para">
|
||
<div class="example" id="example-5861">
|
||
<p><strong>Example #3 使用子命名组</strong></p>
|
||
<div class="example-contents">
|
||
<div class="phpcode"><pre><span style="color: #000000">
|
||
<span style="color: #0000BB"><?php<br /><br />$str </span><span style="color: #007700">= <<<FOO<br /></span><span style="color: #DD0000">a: 1<br />b: 2<br />c: 3<br /></span><span style="color: #007700">FOO;<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">preg_match_all</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #DD0000">'/(?P<name>\w+): (?P<digit>\d+)/'</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$str</span><span style="color: #007700">, </span><span style="color: #0000BB">$matches</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #FF8000">/* 下面代码在php 5.2.2(pcre 7.0)或更高版本下工作, 不过, 为了向后兼容<br /> * 推荐使用上面的方式. */<br />// preg_match_all('/(?<name>\w+): (?<digit>\d+)/', $str, $matches);<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">print_r</span><span style="color: #007700">(</span><span style="color: #0000BB">$matches</span><span style="color: #007700">);<br /><br /></span><span style="color: #0000BB">?></span>
|
||
</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="example-contents"><p>以上例程会输出：</p></div>
|
||
<div class="example-contents screen">
|
||
<div class="cdata"><pre>
|
||
Array
|
||
(
|
||
[0] => Array
|
||
(
|
||
[0] => a: 1
|
||
[1] => b: 2
|
||
[2] => c: 3
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
[name] => Array
|
||
(
|
||
[0] => a
|
||
[1] => b
|
||
[2] => c
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
[1] => Array
|
||
(
|
||
[0] => a
|
||
[1] => b
|
||
[2] => c
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
[digit] => Array
|
||
(
|
||
[0] => 1
|
||
[1] => 2
|
||
[2] => 3
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
[2] => Array
|
||
(
|
||
[0] => 1
|
||
[1] => 2
|
||
[2] => 3
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
)
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="refsect1 seealso" id="refsect1-function.preg-match-all-seealso">
|
||
<h3 class="title">参见</h3>
|
||
<p class="para">
|
||
<ul class="simplelist">
|
||
<li class="member"><a href="pcre.pattern.html" class="link">PCRE 匹配</a></li>
|
||
<li class="member"><span class="function"><a href="preg_quote.html" class="function" rel="rdfs-seeAlso">preg_quote()</a> - 转义正则表达式字符</span></li>
|
||
<li class="member"><span class="function"><a href="preg_match.html" class="function" rel="rdfs-seeAlso">preg_match()</a> - 执行匹配正则表达式</span></li>
|
||
<li class="member"><span class="function"><a href="preg_replace.html" class="function" rel="rdfs-seeAlso">preg_replace()</a> - 执行一个正则表达式的搜索和替换</span></li>
|
||
<li class="member"><span class="function"><a href="preg_split.html" class="function" rel="rdfs-seeAlso">preg_split()</a> - 通过一个正则表达式分隔字符串</span></li>
|
||
<li class="member"><span class="function"><a href="preg_last_error.html" class="function" rel="rdfs-seeAlso">preg_last_error()</a> - 返回最后一个PCRE正则执行产生的错误代码</span></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</div></div></div></body></html> |