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64 lines
5.2 KiB
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64 lines
5.2 KiB
HTML
<h1 id="ack">ack</h1>
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<p>比grep好用的文本搜索工具</p>
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<h2 id="安装">安装</h2>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre><code class="language-bash"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="co"># ubuntu下要安装ack-grep，因为在debian系中，ack这个名字被其他的软件占用了。</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="fu">sudo</span> apt-get install ack-grep</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-3" data-line-number="3"><span class="co"># alpine Linux-apk软件包管理器 安装 ack</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-4" data-line-number="4"><span class="ex">apk</span> install ack</a></code></pre></div>
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<h2 id="参数">参数</h2>
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<p>这些参数在linux上的适用频率是相当高的，尤其是你用vim做为IDE的话</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">-c(统记)/ -i(忽略大小)/ -h(不显示名称)/
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-l(只显文件名)/ -n(加行号)/ -v(显示不匹配)</code></pre>
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<h2 id="特点">特点</h2>
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<p>ack官网列出了这工具的5大卖点：</p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>速度非常快,因为它只搜索有意义的东西。</li>
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<li>更友好的搜索，忽略那些不是你源码的东西。</li>
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<li>为源代码搜索而设计，用更少的击键完成任务。</li>
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<li>非常轻便，移植性好。</li>
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<li>免费且开源</li>
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</ol>
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<h2 id="实例">实例</h2>
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<p>在记忆的时候大体上可以分为这几个部分：</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Searching 代码搜索<br />
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Search output 搜索结果处理<br />
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File presentation 文件展示<br />
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File finding 文件查找<br />
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File inclusion/exclusion 文件过滤</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>grep常用操作</p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre><code class="language-bash"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="fu">grep</span> -r <span class="st">'hello_world'</span> <span class="co"># 简单用法</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="fu">grep</span> <span class="st">'^hello_world'</span> . <span class="co"># 简单正则</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-3" data-line-number="3"><span class="fu">ls</span> -l <span class="kw">|</span> <span class="fu">grep</span> .py <span class="co"># 管道用法</span></a></code></pre></div>
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<h3 id="searching">Searching</h3>
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<p>简单的文本搜索，默认是递归的。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">ack-grep hello
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ack-grep -i hello
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ack-grep -v hello
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ack-grep -w hello
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ack-grep -Q 'hello*'</code></pre>
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<h3 id="search-file">Search File</h3>
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<p>对搜索结果进行处理，比如只显示一个文件的一个匹配项，或者xxx</p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre><code class="language-bash"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="ex">ack-grep</span> --line=1 # 输出所有文件第二行</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="ex">ack-grep</span> -l <span class="st">'hello'</span> # 包含的文件名</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-3" data-line-number="3"><span class="ex">ack-grep</span> -L <span class="st">'print'</span> # 非包含文件名</a></code></pre></div>
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<h3 id="file-presentation">File presentation</h3>
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<p>输出的结果是以什么方式展示呢，这个部分有几个参数可以练习下</p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre><code class="language-bash"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="ex">ack-grep</span> hello --pager=<span class="st">'less -R'</span> # 以less形式展示</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="ex">ack-grep</span> hello --noheading # 不在头上显示文件</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-3" data-line-number="3"><span class="ex">ack-grep</span> hello --nocolor # 不对匹配字符着色</a></code></pre></div>
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<h3 id="file-finding">File finding</h3>
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<p>没错，它可以查找文件，以省去你要不断的结合find和grep的麻烦，虽然在linux的思想是一个工具做好一件事。</p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb7"><pre><code class="language-bash"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="ex">ack-grep</span> -f hello.py # 查找全匹配文件</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="ex">ack-grep</span> -g hello.py$ # 查找正则匹配文件</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-3" data-line-number="3"><span class="ex">ack-grep</span> -g hello --sort-files # 查找然后排序</a></code></pre></div>
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<h3 id="file-inclusionexclusion">File Inclusion/Exclusion</h3>
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<p>文件过滤，个人觉得这是一个很不错的功能。如果你曾经在搜索项目源码是不小心命中日志中的某个关键字的话，你会觉得这个有用。</p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre><code class="language-bash"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="ex">ack-grep</span> --python hello # 查找所有python文件</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="ex">ack-grep</span> -G hello.py$ hello # 查找匹配正则的文件</a></code></pre></div>
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<h2 id="参考资料">参考资料</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://beyondgrep.com/">ack官网</a></li>
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</ul>
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