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49 lines
2.9 KiB
HTML
49 lines
2.9 KiB
HTML
<article id="wikiArticle">
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<div></div>
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<h2 id="错误提示">错误提示</h2>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">SyntaxError: for-in loop head declarations may not have initializers (Firefox)
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SyntaxError: for-in loop variable declaration may not have an initializer. (Chrome)
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="错误类型">错误类型</h2>
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<p>该 <a href="Reference/Global_Objects/SyntaxError" title="SyntaxError 对象代表尝试解析语法上不合法的代码的错误。"><code>SyntaxError</code></a> 只出现于<a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Strict_mode">严格模式</a>下。</p>
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<h2 id="哪里出错了？">哪里出错了？</h2>
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<p>在 <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/for...in">for...in</a> 循环的头部存在初始化表达式。 也就是存在变量声明并且被赋值，例如 |<code>for (var i = 0 in obj)</code>|。在非严格模式下，这种在循环头部的变量声明会被静默忽略，语句的表现形式与 <code>|for (var i in obj)|</code>相同。而在<a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Strict_mode">严格模式</a>下，会报语法错误。</p>
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<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>
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<p>下面这个示例会报语法错误（<code>SyntaxError</code>）：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-js example-bad">"use strict";
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var obj = {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 };
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for (var i = 0 in obj) {
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console.log(obj[i]);
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}
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// SyntaxError: for-in loop head declarations may not have initializers
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="合法的_for-in_循环">合法的 for-in 循环</h3>
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<p>可以把初始化语句 (<code>i = 0</code>) 从 for-in 循环的头部移除。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-js example-good">"use strict";
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var obj = {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 };
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for (var i in obj) {
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console.log(obj[i]);
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}
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="数组迭代">数组迭代</h3>
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<p>for...in 循环<a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/for...in#Array_iteration_and_for...in">不应该应用于数组迭代中</a>。是否考虑使用 <code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/for">for</a></code> 循环而不是 <code>for-in</code> 循环来遍历数组（<a href="Reference/Array" title="REDIRECT Array"><code>Array</code></a>）？在 for 循环中是允许使用初始化语句的：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-js example-good">var arr = [ "a", "b", "c" ]
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for (var i = 2; i < arr.length; i++) {
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console.log(arr[i]);
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}
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// "c"</code></pre>
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<h2 id="相关内容">相关内容</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/for...in">for...in</a></code></li>
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<li><code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/for...of">for...of</a></code> – 无论是在严格模式下还是非严格模式下也都不允许使用初始化语句。</li>
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<li><code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/for">for</a></code> – 更适用于数组迭代，因为允许使用初始化语句。</li>
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</ul>
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</article> |