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141 lines
10 KiB
HTML
<article id="wikiArticle">
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<div></div>
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<p><strong>类表达式</strong>是用来定义类的一种语法。和<a href="/zh-CN /docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/function">函数表达式</a>相同的一点是，类表达式可以是命名也可以是匿名的。如果是命名类表达式，这个名字只能在类体内部才能访问到。JavaScript 的类也是基于原型继承的。</p>
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<h2 id="语法">语法</h2>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">const MyClass = class <em>[className]</em> [extends] {
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// class body
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};</code></pre>
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<h2 id="描述">描述</h2>
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<p>类表达式的语法和<a href="/zh-CN /docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/class">类语句</a>的语法很类似，只是在类表达式中，你可以省略掉类名，而类语句中不能。</p>
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<p>和类声明一样，类表达式中的代码也是强制<a href="/zh-CN /docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Strict_mode">严格模式</a>的。</p>
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<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>
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<h3 id="使用类表达式">使用类表达式</h3>
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<p>下面的代码使用类表达式语法创建了一个匿名类，然后赋值给变量 Foo。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">let Foo = class {
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constructor() {}
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bar() {
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return "Hello World!";
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}
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};
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let instance = new Foo();
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instance.bar();
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// "Hello World!"
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="命名类表达式">命名类表达式</h3>
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<p>如果你想在类体内部也能引用这个类本身，那么你就可以使用命名类表达式，并且这个类名只能在类体内部访问。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">const Foo = class NamedFoo {
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constructor() {}
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whoIsThere() {
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return NamedFoo.name;
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}
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}
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let bar = new Foo();
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bar.whoIsThere();
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// "NamedFoo"
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NamedFoo.name;
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// ReferenceError: NamedFoo is not defined
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Foo.name;
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// "NamedFoo"
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>
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<table>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<th scope="col">Specification</th>
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<th scope="col">Status</th>
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<th scope="col">Comment</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-class-definitions" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Class definitions</small></a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
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<td>Initial definition.</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/#sec-class-definitions" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 2016 (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Class definitions</small></a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/8.0/#sec-class-definitions" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 2017 (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Class definitions</small></a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-class-definitions" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript Latest Draft (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">Class definitions</small></a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Draft">Draft</span></td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>
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<div class="hidden">The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out <a class="external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data</a> and send us a pull request.</div>
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<p></p><div class="bc-data"><a class="bc-github-link external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">Update compatibility data on GitHub</a><table class="bc-table bc-table-js"><thead><tr class="bc-platforms"><td></td><th class="bc-platform-desktop" colspan="6"><span>Desktop</span></th><th class="bc-platform-mobile" colspan="7"><span>Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-platform-server" colspan="1"><span>Server</span></th></tr><tr class="bc-browsers"><td></td><th class="bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome">Chrome</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge">Edge</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox">Firefox</span></th><th class="bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-ie">Internet Explorer</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera">Opera</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari">Safari</span></th><th class="bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-webview_android">Android webview</span></th><th class="bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome_android">Chrome for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge_mobile">Edge Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox_android">Firefox for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera_android">Opera for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari_ios">Safari on iOS</span></th><th class="bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-samsunginternet_android">Samsung Internet</span></th><th class="bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-nodejs">Node.js</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th scope="row"><code>class</code></th><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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42</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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45</td><td class="bc-supports-no bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-browser-name">IE</span><abbr class="bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
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<span>No support</span>
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</abbr>
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No</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">WebView Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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42</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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42</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge Mobile</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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45</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari iOS</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Samsung Internet Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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4.0</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-nodejs bc-has-history"><span class="bc-browser-name">nodejs</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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6.0.0<div class="bc-icons"></div><section class="bc-history" id="sect1"><dl><dt class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports"><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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6.0.0<div class="bc-icons"></div></dt><dd></dd><dt class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports"><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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5.0.0<div class="bc-icons"><abbr class="only-icon" title="User must explicitly enable this feature."><span>Disabled</span><i class="ic-disabled"></i></abbr> </div></dt><dd><abbr class="only-icon" title="User must explicitly enable this feature."><span>Disabled</span><i class="ic-disabled"></i></abbr> From version 5.0.0: this feature is behind the <code>--harmony</code> runtime flag.</dd></dl></section></td></tr></tbody></table><section class="bc-legend" id="sect2"><h3 class="offscreen" id="Legend">Legend</h3><dl><dt><span class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports">
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<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr></span></dt><dd>Full support</dd><dt><span class="bc-supports-no bc-supports">
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<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-no only-icon" title="No support">
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<span>No support</span>
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</abbr></span></dt><dd>No support</dd><dt><abbr class="only-icon" title="User must explicitly enable this feature."><span>User must explicitly enable this feature.</span><i class="ic-disabled"></i></abbr></dt><dd>User must explicitly enable this feature.</dd></dl></section></div><p></p>
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<h2 id="相关链接">相关链接</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="/zh-CN /docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/function"><code>函数表达式</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="/zh-CN /docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/class"><code>类语句</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="/zh-CN /docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes">类</a></li>
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</ul>
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</article> |