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96 lines
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96 lines
7.2 KiB
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<h1 id="ip">ip</h1>
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<p>网络配置工具</p>
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<h2 id="补充说明">补充说明</h2>
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<p><strong>ip命令</strong> 用来显示或操纵Linux主机的路由、网络设备、策略路由和隧道，是Linux下较新的功能强大的网络配置工具。</p>
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<h3 id="语法">语法</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">ip(选项)(参数)
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Usage: ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
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ip [ -force ] -batch filename</code></pre>
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<h3 id="选项">选项</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">OBJECT := { link | address | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | ntable |
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tunnel | tuntap | maddress | mroute | mrule | monitor | xfrm |
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netns | l2tp | macsec | tcp_metrics | token }
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-V：显示指令版本信息；
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-s：输出更详细的信息；
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-f：强制使用指定的协议族；
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-4：指定使用的网络层协议是IPv4协议；
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-6：指定使用的网络层协议是IPv6协议；
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-0：输出信息每条记录输出一行，即使内容较多也不换行显示；
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-r：显示主机时，不使用IP地址，而使用主机的域名。</code></pre>
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<h3 id="参数">参数</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">OPTIONS := { -V[ersion] | -s[tatistics] | -d[etails] | -r[esolve] |
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-h[uman-readable] | -iec |
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-f[amily] { inet | inet6 | ipx | dnet | bridge | link } |
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-4 | -6 | -I | -D | -B | -0 |
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-l[oops] { maximum-addr-flush-attempts } |
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-o[neline] | -t[imestamp] | -ts[hort] | -b[atch] [filename] |
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-rc[vbuf] [size] | -n[etns] name | -a[ll] }
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网络对象：指定要管理的网络对象；
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具体操作：对指定的网络对象完成具体操作；
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help：显示网络对象支持的操作命令的帮助信息。</code></pre>
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<h3 id="实例">实例</h3>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre><code class="language-bash"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="ex">ip</span> link show # 显示网络接口信息</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="ex">ip</span> link set eth0 upi # 开启网卡</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-3" data-line-number="3"><span class="ex">ip</span> link set eth0 down # 关闭网卡</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-4" data-line-number="4"><span class="ex">ip</span> link set eth0 promisc on # 开启网卡的混合模式</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="ex">ip</span> link set eth0 promisc offi # 关闭网卡的混个模式</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-6" data-line-number="6"><span class="ex">ip</span> link set eth0 txqueuelen 1200 <span class="co"># 设置网卡队列长度</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-7" data-line-number="7"><span class="ex">ip</span> link set eth0 mtu 1400 # 设置网卡最大传输单元</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-8" data-line-number="8"><span class="ex">ip</span> addr show # 显示网卡IP信息</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-9" data-line-number="9"><span class="ex">ip</span> addr add 192.168.0.1/24 dev eth0 <span class="co"># 设置eth0网卡IP地址192.168.0.1</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-10" data-line-number="10"><span class="ex">ip</span> addr del 192.168.0.1/24 dev eth0 <span class="co"># 删除eth0网卡IP地址</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-11" data-line-number="11"></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-12" data-line-number="12"><span class="ex">ip</span> route show <span class="co"># 显示系统路由</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-13" data-line-number="13"><span class="ex">ip</span> route add default via 192.168.1.254 # 设置系统默认路由</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-14" data-line-number="14"><span class="ex">ip</span> route list # 查看路由信息</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-15" data-line-number="15"><span class="ex">ip</span> route add 192.168.4.0/24 via 192.168.0.254 dev eth0 <span class="co"># 设置192.168.4.0网段的网关为192.168.0.254,数据走eth0接口</span></a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-16" data-line-number="16"><span class="ex">ip</span> route add default via 192.168.0.254 dev eth0 # 设置默认网关为192.168.0.254</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-17" data-line-number="17"><span class="ex">ip</span> route del 192.168.4.0/24 # 删除192.168.4.0网段的网关</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-18" data-line-number="18"><span class="ex">ip</span> route del default # 删除默认路由</a>
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<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-19" data-line-number="19"><span class="ex">ip</span> route delete 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 <span class="co"># 删除路由</span></a></code></pre></div>
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<p><strong>用ip命令显示网络设备的运行状态</strong></p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">[root@localhost ~]# ip link list
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1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
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link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
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link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:51 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
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link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:52 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff</code></pre>
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<p><strong>显示更加详细的设备信息</strong></p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">[root@localhost ~]# ip -s link list
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1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
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link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
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RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
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5082831 56145 0 0 0 0
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TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
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5082831 56145 0 0 0 0
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2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
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link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:51 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
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3641655380 62027099 0 0 0 0
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TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
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6155236 89160 0 0 0 0
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3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
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link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:52 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
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2562136822 488237847 0 0 0 0
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TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
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3486617396 9691081 0 0 0 0 </code></pre>
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<p><strong>显示核心路由表</strong></p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">[root@localhost ~]# ip route list
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112.124.12.0/22 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 112.124.15.130
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10.160.0.0/20 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.160.7.81
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192.168.0.0/16 via 10.160.15.247 dev eth0
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172.16.0.0/12 via 10.160.15.247 dev eth0
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10.0.0.0/8 via 10.160.15.247 dev eth0
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default via 112.124.15.247 dev eth1</code></pre>
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<p><strong>显示邻居表</strong></p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">[root@localhost ~]# ip neigh list
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112.124.15.247 dev eth1 lladdr 00:00:0c:9f:f3:88 REACHABLE
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10.160.15.247 dev eth0 lladdr 00:00:0c:9f:f2:c0 STALE</code></pre>
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<p><strong>获取主机所有网络接口</strong></p>
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<pre><code class="language-bash">ip link | grep ^[0-9] | awk -F: '{print $2}'</code></pre>
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<!-- Linux命令行搜索引擎：https://jaywcjlove.github.io/linux-command/ -->
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