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256 lines
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256 lines
20 KiB
HTML
<article class="" id="post-">
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<header class="entry-header">
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<h1 class="entry-title">.one()</h1>
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<div class="entry-meta">
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所属分类：<span class="category"><a href="/category/events/">事件</a> > <a href="/category/events/event-handler-attachment/">绑定事件处理器</a></span>
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<span class="pull-right">英文文档：<a href="https://api.jquery123.com/one/" target="_blank">.one()</a></span>
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</div><!-- .entry-meta -->
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</header><!-- .entry-header -->
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<!-- .entry-header -->
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<div class="entry-content">
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<article class="entry method" id="one1"><h2 class="section-title">
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<span class="name">.one( events [, data ], handler(eventObject) )</span><span class="returns">返回: <a href="/Types/#jQuery">jQuery</a></span>
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</h2>
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<div class="entry-wrapper">
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<p class="desc"><strong>描述: </strong>为元素的事件添加处理函数。处理函数在每个元素上每种事件类型最多执行一次。</p>
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<ul class="signatures">
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<li class="signature" id="one-events-data-handlereventObject">
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<h4 class="name">
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<span class="version-details">添加的版本: <a href="/category/version/1.1/">1.1</a></span>.one( events [, data ], handler(eventObject) )</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<div><strong>events</strong></div>
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<div>类型: <a href="/Types/#String">String</a>
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</div>
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<div>一个包含一个或多个JavaScript事件类型的字符串，比如“click”或“submit”，或自定义的事件名称。</div>
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</li>
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<li>
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<div><strong>data</strong></div>
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<div>类型: <a href="/Types/#PlainObject">PlainObject</a>
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</div>
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<div>一个对象，它包含的数据键值对映射将被传递给事件处理程序。</div>
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</li>
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<li>
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<div><strong>handler(eventObject)</strong></div>
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<div>类型: <a href="/Types/#Function">Function</a>()</div>
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<div>每次事件触发时会执行的函数。</div>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="signature" id="one-events-selector-data-handlereventObject">
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<h4 class="name">
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<span class="version-details">添加的版本: <a href="/category/version/1.7/">1.7</a></span>.one( events [, selector ] [, data ], handler(eventObject) )</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<div><strong>events</strong></div>
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<div>类型: <a href="/Types/#String">String</a>
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</div>
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<div>一个或多个空格分隔的事件类型和可选的命名空间，或仅仅是命名空间，比如"click", "keydown.css88", 或者 ".myPlugin"。</div>
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</li>
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<li>
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<div><strong>selector</strong></div>
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<div>类型: <a href="/Types/#String">String</a>
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</div>
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<div>，一个选择器字符串，用于过滤出被选中的元素中能触发事件的后代元素。如果选择器是<code>null</code>或被省略，那么被选中的元素总是能触发事件。</div>
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</li>
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<li>
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<div><strong>data</strong></div>
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<div>类型: <a href="/Types/#Anything">Anything</a>
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</div>
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<div>当一个事件被触发时，要传递给事件处理函数的<a href="/event.data"><code>event.data</code></a>。</div>
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</li>
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<li>
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<div><strong>handler(eventObject)</strong></div>
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<div>类型: <a href="/Types/#Function">Function</a>()</div>
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<div>事件被触发时，执行的函数。若该函数只是要执行<code>return false</code>的话，那么该参数位置可以直接简写成 <code>false</code>。 </div>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="signature" id="one-events-selector-data">
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<h4 class="name">
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<span class="version-details">添加的版本: <a href="/category/version/1.7/">1.7</a></span>.one( events [, selector ] [, data ] )</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<div><strong>events</strong></div>
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<div>类型: <a href="/Types/#PlainObject">PlainObject</a>
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</div>
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<div>一个映射，键是由一个或多个由空格分隔的事件类型及可选的名字空间，值是这些事件类型所对应的事件处理函数。</div>
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</li>
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<li>
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<div><strong>selector</strong></div>
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<div>类型: <a href="/Types/#String">String</a>
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</div>
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<div>，一个选择器字符串，用于过滤出被选中的元素中能触发事件的后代元素。如果选择器是<code>null</code>或被省略，那么被选中的元素总是能触发事件。</div>
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</li>
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<li>
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<div><strong>data</strong></div>
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<div>类型: <a href="/Types/#Anything">Anything</a>
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</div>
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<div>当一个事件被触发时，要传递给事件处理函数的<a href="/event.data"><code>event.data</code></a>。</div>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="longdesc" id="entry-longdesc">
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<p>这个方法的第一种形式（注：.one( events [, data ], handler(eventObject) 这种形式)）用法和<code>.bind()</code>相同，但<code>.one()</code>的处理函数第一次调用后绑定的事件就被解除了。第二两种形式（注：.one( events [, selector ] [, data ], handler(eventObject) )这种形式），
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在jQuery1.7中，它和<code>.on()</code>是相同的，
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不同之处在于，不管选择器是否匹配到任何元素，或没有匹配任何元素，处理程序在委派的元素上触发事件后第一时间被删除，举个例子：</p>
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<div class="syntaxhighlighter javascript nogutter">
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<table>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td class="gutter">
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<div class="line n1">1</div>
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</td>
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<td class="code">
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<pre><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>$(<span class="string">"#foo"</span>).one(<span class="string">"click"</span>, <span class="keyword">function</span>() {</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> alert(<span class="string">"This will be displayed only once."</span>);</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>});</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>$(<span class="string">"body"</span>).one(<span class="string">"click"</span>, <span class="string">"#foo"</span>, <span class="keyword">function</span>() {</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> alert(<span class="string">"This displays if #foo is the first thing clicked in the body."</span>);</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>});</code></div></div></pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<p>在代码执行后，点击id为<code>foo</code>的元素将显示警报。之后再在该元素上点击时，就不会再触发该事件。此代码是等效于：</p>
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<div class="syntaxhighlighter javascript nogutter">
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<table>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td class="gutter">
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<div class="line n1">1</div>
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</td>
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<td class="code">
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<pre><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>$( <span class="string">"#foo"</span> ).on( <span class="string">"click"</span>, <span class="keyword">function</span>( event ) {</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> alert( <span class="string">"This will be displayed only once."</span> );</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> $( <span class="keyword">this</span> ).off( event );</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>});</code></div></div></pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<p>换句话说，在一个普通的事件绑定处理函数中，显式的调用 <code>.off()</code>和该方法的作用是一样的。</p>
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<p>如果该方法的第一个参数包含多个用空格分隔的事件类型的话，那么每种类型的事件被触发时，处理函数仅会<em>被每个事件类型调用一次</em>。</p>
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</div>
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<section class="entry-examples" id="entry-examples"><header><h2 class="underline">例子:</h2></header><div class="entry-example" id="example-0">
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<h4>Example: <span class="desc">为每个 div 绑定一次性 click 事件。</span>
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</h4>
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<div class="syntaxhighlighter xml ">
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<table>
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</td>
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<td class="code">
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<pre><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="doctype"><!DOCTYPE html></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">html</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">head</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">style</span>></span><span class="css"></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag">div</span> <span class="rules">{ <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">width</span>:<span class="value"><span class="number">60</span>px;</span></span> <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">height</span>:<span class="value"><span class="number">60</span>px;</span></span> <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">margin</span>:<span class="value"><span class="number">5</span>px;</span></span> <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">float</span>:<span class="value">left;</span></span></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="rule"><span class="attribute">background</span>:<span class="value">green;</span></span> <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">border</span>:<span class="value"><span class="number">10</span>px outset;</span></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="rule"><span class="attribute">cursor</span>:<span class="value">pointer;</span></span> <span class="rule">}</span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag">p</span> <span class="rules">{ <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">color</span>:<span class="value">red;</span></span> <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">margin</span>:<span class="value"><span class="number">0</span>;</span></span> <span class="rule"><span class="attribute">clear</span>:<span class="value">left;</span></span> <span class="rule">}</span></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">style</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">script</span> <span class="attribute">src</span>=<span class="value">"https://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js"</span>></span><span class="javascript"></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">script</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">head</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">body</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span>></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">p</span>></span>Click a green square...<span class="tag"></<span class="title">p</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">script</span>></span><span class="javascript"></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="keyword">var</span> n = <span class="number">0</span>;</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>$(<span class="string">"div"</span>).one(<span class="string">"click"</span>, <span class="keyword">function</span>() {</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="keyword">var</span> index = $(<span class="string">"div"</span>).index(<span class="keyword">this</span>);</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> $(<span class="keyword">this</span>).css({</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> borderStyle:<span class="string">"inset"</span>,</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> cursor:<span class="string">"auto"</span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> });</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> $(<span class="string">"p"</span>).text(<span class="string">"Div at index #"</span> + index + <span class="string">" clicked."</span> +</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="string">" That's "</span> + ++n + <span class="string">" total clicks."</span>);</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>});</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">script</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">body</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">html</span>></span></code></div></div></pre>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<h4>Demo:</h4>
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<div class="demo code-demo"></div>
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</div>
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<div class="entry-example" id="example-1">
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<h4>Example: <span class="desc">在每个段落上第一次点击时，显示该段落的内容：</span>
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</h4>
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<div class="syntaxhighlighter javascript ">
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<table>
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<tbody>
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<td class="code">
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<pre><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>$(<span class="string">"p"</span>).one(<span class="string">"click"</span>, <span class="keyword">function</span>(){</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>alert( $(<span class="keyword">this</span>).text() );</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>});</code></div></div></pre>
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</table>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="entry-example" id="example-2">
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<h4>Example: <span class="desc">处理函数在每个元素上每种事件类型只执行一次。</span>
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</h4>
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<div class="syntaxhighlighter xml ">
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<td class="code">
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<pre><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="doctype"><!doctype html></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">html</span> <span class="attribute">lang</span>=<span class="value">"en"</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">head</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">meta</span> <span class="attribute">charset</span>=<span class="value">"utf-8"</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">title</span>></span>one demo<span class="tag"></<span class="title">title</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> <span class="tag"><<span class="title">script</span> <span class="attribute">src</span>=<span class="value">"https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.9.1.js"</span>></span><span class="javascript"></span><span class="tag"></<span class="title">script</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">head</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">body</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"count"</span>></span>0<span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">div</span> <span class="attribute">class</span>=<span class="value">"target"</span>></span>Hover/click me<span class="tag"></<span class="title">div</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"><<span class="title">script</span>></span><span class="javascript"></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="keyword">var</span> n = <span class="number">0</span>;</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>$(<span class="string">".target"</span>).one(<span class="string">"click mouseenter"</span>, <span class="keyword">function</span>() {</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> $(<span class="string">".count"</span>).html(++n);</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code>});</code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">script</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code> </code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">body</span>></span></code></div></div><div class="container"><div class="line"><code><span class="tag"></<span class="title">html</span>></span></code></div></div></pre>
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</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h4>Demo:</h4>
|
||
<div class="demo code-demo"></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
</div></article> </div>
|
||
</article> |