fix(test): use preferred_filename after OMO field rename

The merge from main brought in #1746 which renamed
OmoVariant.filename → preferred_filename, but the test helper
omo_config_path() was not updated, breaking compilation of all
new provider tests.

src-tauri/src/commands/provider.rs

@@ -36,9 +36,11 @@ pub fn add_provider(
     state: State<'_, AppState>,
     app: String,
     provider: Provider,
+    #[allow(non_snake_case)] addToLive: Option<bool>,
 ) -> Result<bool, String> {
     let app_type = AppType::from_str(&app).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
-    ProviderService::add(state.inner(), app_type, provider).map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+    ProviderService::add(state.inner(), app_type, provider, addToLive.unwrap_or(true))
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
 }
 
 #[tauri::command]
@@ -46,9 +48,11 @@ pub fn update_provider(
     state: State<'_, AppState>,
     app: String,
     provider: Provider,
+    #[allow(non_snake_case)] originalId: Option<String>,
 ) -> Result<bool, String> {
     let app_type = AppType::from_str(&app).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
-    ProviderService::update(state.inner(), app_type, provider).map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+    ProviderService::update(state.inner(), app_type, originalId.as_deref(), provider)
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())
 }
 
 #[tauri::command]

src-tauri/src/deeplink/provider.rs

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ pub fn import_provider_from_deeplink(
     let provider_id = provider.id.clone();
 
     // Use ProviderService to add the provider
-    ProviderService::add(state, app_type.clone(), provider)?;
+    ProviderService::add(state, app_type.clone(), provider, true)?;
 
     // Add extra endpoints as custom endpoints (skip first one as it's the primary)
     for ep in all_endpoints.iter().skip(1) {

src-tauri/src/openclaw_config.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use crate::error::AppError;
 use crate::settings::{effective_backup_retain_count, get_openclaw_override_dir};
 use chrono::Local;
 use indexmap::IndexMap;
-use json_five::parser::{FormatConfiguration, TrailingComma};
 use json_five::rt::parser::{
     from_str as rt_from_str, JSONKeyValuePair as RtJSONKeyValuePair,
     JSONObjectContext as RtJSONObjectContext, JSONText as RtJSONText, JSONValue as RtJSONValue,
@@ -490,11 +489,11 @@ fn derive_entry_separator(leading_ws: &str) -> String {
 }
 
 fn value_to_rt_value(value: &Value, parent_indent: &str) -> Result<RtJSONValue, AppError> {
-    let source = json_five::to_string_formatted(
-        value,
-        FormatConfiguration::with_indent(2, TrailingComma::NONE),
-    )
-    .map_err(|e| AppError::Config(format!("Failed to serialize JSON5 section: {e}")))?;
+    // `json-five` 0.3.1 can panic when pretty-printing nested empty maps/arrays.
+    // Serialize with `serde_json` instead; the resulting JSON is valid JSON5 and
+    // can still be parsed back into the round-trip AST we use for insertion.
+    let source = serde_json::to_string_pretty(value)
+        .map_err(|e| AppError::Config(format!("Failed to serialize JSON section: {e}")))?;
 
     let adjusted = reindent_json5_block(&source, parent_indent);
     let text = rt_from_str(&adjusted).map_err(|e| {
@@ -1051,4 +1050,37 @@ mod tests {
             assert!(err.to_string().contains("OpenClaw config changed on disk"));
         });
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remove_last_provider_writes_empty_providers_without_panic() {
+        let source = r#"{
+  models: {
+    mode: 'merge',
+    providers: {
+      '1-copy': {
+        api: 'anthropic-messages',
+      },
+    },
+  },
+}
+"#;
+
+        with_test_paths(source, |_| {
+            let outcome = remove_provider("1-copy").unwrap();
+            assert!(outcome.backup_path.is_some());
+
+            let config = read_openclaw_config().unwrap();
+            let providers = config
+                .get("models")
+                .and_then(|models| models.get("providers"))
+                .and_then(Value::as_object)
+                .cloned()
+                .unwrap_or_default();
+
+            assert!(providers.is_empty());
+
+            let written = fs::read_to_string(get_openclaw_config_path()).unwrap();
+            assert!(written.contains("\"providers\": {}"));
+        });
+    }
 }

src-tauri/src/provider.rs

@@ -283,6 +283,10 @@ pub struct ProviderMeta {
     /// If not set, provider ID is used automatically during format conversion.
     #[serde(rename = "promptCacheKey", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
     pub prompt_cache_key: Option<String>,
+    /// 累加模式应用中，该 provider 是否已写入 live config。
+    /// `None` 表示旧数据/未知状态，`Some(false)` 表示明确仅存在于数据库中。
+    #[serde(rename = "liveConfigManaged", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub live_config_managed: Option<bool>,
     /// 供应商类型标识（用于特殊供应商检测）
     /// - "github_copilot": GitHub Copilot 供应商
     #[serde(rename = "providerType", skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]

src-tauri/src/services/omo.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-use crate::config::write_json_file;
+use crate::config::{atomic_write, write_json_file};
 use crate::error::AppError;
 use crate::opencode_config::get_opencode_dir;
+use crate::provider::Provider;
 use crate::store::AppState;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_json::{Map, Value};
@@ -133,6 +134,68 @@ impl OmoService {
         }
     }
 
+    fn profile_data_from_provider(provider: &Provider, v: &OmoVariant) -> OmoProfileData {
+        let agents = provider.settings_config.get("agents").cloned();
+        let categories = if v.has_categories {
+            provider.settings_config.get("categories").cloned()
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+        let other_fields = provider.settings_config.get("otherFields").cloned();
+        (agents, categories, other_fields)
+    }
+
+    fn snapshot_config_file(path: &Path) -> Result<Option<Vec<u8>>, AppError> {
+        if !path.exists() {
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
+
+        std::fs::read(path)
+            .map(Some)
+            .map_err(|e| AppError::io(path, e))
+    }
+
+    fn restore_config_file(path: &Path, snapshot: Option<&[u8]>) -> Result<(), AppError> {
+        match snapshot {
+            Some(bytes) => atomic_write(path, bytes),
+            None => {
+                if path.exists() {
+                    std::fs::remove_file(path).map_err(|e| AppError::io(path, e))?;
+                }
+                Ok(())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn write_profile_config(
+        v: &OmoVariant,
+        profile_data: Option<&OmoProfileData>,
+    ) -> Result<(), AppError> {
+        let merged = Self::build_config(v, profile_data);
+        let config_path = Self::config_path(v);
+
+        if let Some(parent) = config_path.parent() {
+            std::fs::create_dir_all(parent).map_err(|e| AppError::io(parent, e))?;
+        }
+
+        let previous_contents = Self::snapshot_config_file(&config_path)?;
+        write_json_file(&config_path, &merged)?;
+        if let Err(err) = crate::opencode_config::add_plugin(v.plugin_name) {
+            if let Err(rollback_err) =
+                Self::restore_config_file(&config_path, previous_contents.as_deref())
+            {
+                log::warn!(
+                    "Failed to roll back {} config after plugin sync error: {}",
+                    v.label,
+                    rollback_err
+                );
+            }
+            return Err(err);
+        }
+        log::info!("{} config written to {config_path:?}", v.label);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     // ── Public API (variant-parameterized) ─────────────────
 
     pub fn delete_config_file(v: &OmoVariant) -> Result<(), AppError> {
@@ -153,28 +216,18 @@ impl OmoService {
 
     pub fn write_config_to_file(state: &AppState, v: &OmoVariant) -> Result<(), AppError> {
         let current_omo = state.db.get_current_omo_provider("opencode", v.category)?;
-        let profile_data = current_omo.as_ref().map(|p| {
-            let agents = p.settings_config.get("agents").cloned();
-            let categories = if v.has_categories {
-                p.settings_config.get("categories").cloned()
-            } else {
-                None
-            };
-            let other_fields = p.settings_config.get("otherFields").cloned();
-            (agents, categories, other_fields)
-        });
+        let profile_data = current_omo
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|provider| Self::profile_data_from_provider(provider, v));
+        Self::write_profile_config(v, profile_data.as_ref())
+    }
 
-        let merged = Self::build_config(v, profile_data.as_ref());
-        let config_path = Self::config_path(v);
-
-        if let Some(parent) = config_path.parent() {
-            std::fs::create_dir_all(parent).map_err(|e| AppError::io(parent, e))?;
-        }
-
-        write_json_file(&config_path, &merged)?;
-        crate::opencode_config::add_plugin(v.plugin_name)?;
-        log::info!("{} config written to {config_path:?}", v.label);
-        Ok(())
+    pub fn write_provider_config_to_file(
+        provider: &Provider,
+        v: &OmoVariant,
+    ) -> Result<(), AppError> {
+        let profile_data = Self::profile_data_from_provider(provider, v);
+        Self::write_profile_config(v, Some(&profile_data))
     }
 
     fn build_config(v: &OmoVariant, profile_data: Option<&OmoProfileData>) -> Value {

src-tauri/src/services/provider/live.rs

@@ -33,6 +33,19 @@ pub(crate) fn sanitize_claude_settings_for_live(settings: &Value) -> Value {
     v
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn provider_exists_in_live_config(
+    app_type: &AppType,
+    provider_id: &str,
+) -> Result<bool, AppError> {
+    match app_type {
+        AppType::OpenCode => crate::opencode_config::get_providers()
+            .map(|providers| providers.contains_key(provider_id)),
+        AppType::OpenClaw => crate::openclaw_config::get_providers()
+            .map(|providers| providers.contains_key(provider_id)),
+        _ => Ok(false),
+    }
+}
+
 fn json_is_subset(target: &Value, source: &Value) -> bool {
     match source {
         Value::Object(source_map) => {
@@ -727,10 +740,10 @@ pub(crate) fn write_live_snapshot(app_type: &AppType, provider: &Provider) -> Re
                             provider.id
                         );
                     } else {
-                        log::error!(
-                            "OpenCode provider '{}' has invalid config structure, skipping write",
+                        return Err(AppError::Message(format!(
+                            "OpenCode provider '{}' has invalid config structure for live config (must contain 'npm' or 'options')",
                             provider.id
-                        );
+                        )));
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -769,10 +782,10 @@ pub(crate) fn write_live_snapshot(app_type: &AppType, provider: &Provider) -> Re
                             provider.id
                         );
                     } else {
-                        log::error!(
-                            "OpenClaw provider '{}' has invalid config structure, skipping write",
+                        return Err(AppError::Message(format!(
+                            "OpenClaw provider '{}' has invalid config structure for live config (must contain 'baseUrl', 'api', or 'models')",
                             provider.id
-                        );
+                        )));
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -787,23 +800,30 @@ pub(crate) fn write_live_snapshot(app_type: &AppType, provider: &Provider) -> Re
 /// Used for OpenCode and other additive mode applications.
 fn sync_all_providers_to_live(state: &AppState, app_type: &AppType) -> Result<(), AppError> {
     let providers = state.db.get_all_providers(app_type.as_str())?;
+    let mut synced_count = 0usize;
 
     for provider in providers.values() {
+        if provider
+            .meta
+            .as_ref()
+            .and_then(|meta| meta.live_config_managed)
+            == Some(false)
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
         if let Err(e) = write_live_with_common_config(state.db.as_ref(), app_type, provider) {
             log::warn!(
                 "Failed to sync {:?} provider '{}' to live: {e}",
                 app_type,
                 provider.id
             );
-            // Continue syncing other providers, don't abort
+            continue;
         }
+        synced_count += 1;
     }
 
-    log::info!(
-        "Synced {} {:?} providers to live config",
-        providers.len(),
-        app_type
-    );
+    log::info!("Synced {synced_count} {app_type:?} providers to live config");
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -1207,12 +1227,16 @@ pub fn import_opencode_providers_from_live(state: &AppState) -> Result<usize, Ap
         };
 
         // Create provider
-        let provider = Provider::with_id(
+        let mut provider = Provider::with_id(
             id.clone(),
             config.name.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| id.clone()),
             settings_config,
             None,
         );
+        provider.meta = Some(crate::provider::ProviderMeta {
+            live_config_managed: Some(true),
+            ..Default::default()
+        });
 
         // Save to database
         if let Err(e) = state.db.save_provider("opencode", &provider) {
@@ -1277,7 +1301,11 @@ pub fn import_openclaw_providers_from_live(state: &AppState) -> Result<usize, Ap
             .unwrap_or_else(|| id.clone());
 
         // Create provider
-        let provider = Provider::with_id(id.clone(), display_name, settings_config, None);
+        let mut provider = Provider::with_id(id.clone(), display_name, settings_config, None);
+        provider.meta = Some(crate::provider::ProviderMeta {
+            live_config_managed: Some(true),
+            ..Default::default()
+        });
 
         // Save to database
         if let Err(e) = state.db.save_provider("openclaw", &provider) {

src/App.tsx

@@ -533,8 +533,14 @@ function App() {
     }
   };
 
-  const handleEditProvider = async (provider: Provider) => {
-    await updateProvider(provider);
+  const handleEditProvider = async ({
+    provider,
+    originalId,
+  }: {
+    provider: Provider;
+    originalId?: string;
+  }) => {
+    await updateProvider(provider, originalId);
     setEditingProvider(null);
   };
 
@@ -571,7 +577,7 @@ function App() {
     setConfirmAction(null);
   };
 
-  const generateUniqueOpencodeKey = (
+  const generateUniqueProviderCopyKey = (
     originalKey: string,
     existingKeys: string[],
   ): string => {
@@ -594,6 +600,7 @@ function App() {
 
     const duplicatedProvider: Omit<Provider, "id" | "createdAt"> & {
       providerKey?: string;
+      addToLive?: boolean;
     } = {
       name: `${provider.name} copy`,
       settingsConfig: JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(provider.settingsConfig)), // 深拷贝
@@ -607,12 +614,40 @@ function App() {
       iconColor: provider.iconColor,
     };
 
-    if (activeApp === "opencode") {
-      const existingKeys = Object.keys(providers);
-      duplicatedProvider.providerKey = generateUniqueOpencodeKey(
+    if (activeApp === "opencode" || activeApp === "openclaw") {
+      let liveProviderIds: string[] = [];
+      try {
+        liveProviderIds =
+          activeApp === "opencode"
+            ? await queryClient.ensureQueryData({
+                queryKey: ["opencodeLiveProviderIds"],
+                queryFn: () => providersApi.getOpenCodeLiveProviderIds(),
+              })
+            : await queryClient.ensureQueryData({
+                queryKey: openclawKeys.liveProviderIds,
+                queryFn: () => providersApi.getOpenClawLiveProviderIds(),
+              });
+      } catch (error) {
+        console.error(
+          "[App] Failed to load live provider IDs for duplication",
+          error,
+        );
+        const errorMessage = extractErrorMessage(error);
+        toast.error(
+          t("provider.duplicateLiveIdsLoadFailed", {
+            defaultValue: "读取配置中的供应商标识失败，请先修复配置后再试",
+          }) + (errorMessage ? `: ${errorMessage}` : ""),
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+      const existingKeys = Array.from(
+        new Set([...Object.keys(providers), ...liveProviderIds]),
+      );
+      duplicatedProvider.providerKey = generateUniqueProviderCopyKey(
         provider.id,
         existingKeys,
       );
+      duplicatedProvider.addToLive = false;
     }
 
     if (provider.sortIndex !== undefined) {

src/components/providers/EditProviderDialog.tsx

@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@ interface EditProviderDialogProps {
   open: boolean;
   provider: Provider | null;
   onOpenChange: (open: boolean) => void;
-  onSubmit: (provider: Provider) => Promise<void> | void;
+  onSubmit: (payload: {
+    provider: Provider;
+    originalId?: string;
+  }) => Promise<void> | void;
   appId: AppId;
   isProxyTakeover?: boolean; // 代理接管模式下不读取 live（避免显示被接管后的代理配置）
 }
@@ -165,9 +168,15 @@ export function EditProviderDialog({
         string,
         unknown
       >;
+      const nextProviderId =
+        (appId === "opencode" || appId === "openclaw") &&
+        values.providerKey?.trim()
+          ? values.providerKey.trim()
+          : provider.id;
 
       const updatedProvider: Provider = {
         ...provider,
+        id: nextProviderId,
         name: values.name.trim(),
         notes: values.notes?.trim() || undefined,
         websiteUrl: values.websiteUrl?.trim() || undefined,
@@ -179,10 +188,13 @@ export function EditProviderDialog({
         ...(values.meta ? { meta: values.meta } : {}),
       };
 
-      await onSubmit(updatedProvider);
+      await onSubmit({
+        provider: updatedProvider,
+        originalId: provider.id,
+      });
       onOpenChange(false);
     },
-    [onSubmit, onOpenChange, provider],
+    [appId, onSubmit, onOpenChange, provider],
   );
 
   if (!provider || !initialData) {

src/components/providers/forms/ProviderForm.tsx

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 import { useEffect, useMemo, useState, useCallback } from "react";
 import { useForm } from "react-hook-form";
 import { zodResolver } from "@hookform/resolvers/zod";
+import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { toast } from "sonner";
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
 import { Form, FormField, FormItem, FormMessage } from "@/components/ui/form";
 import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input";
 import { providerSchema, type ProviderFormData } from "@/lib/schemas/provider";
-import type { AppId } from "@/lib/api";
+import { providersApi, type AppId } from "@/lib/api";
 import type {
   ProviderCategory,
   ProviderMeta,
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ import {
   normalizePricingSource,
 } from "./helpers/opencodeFormUtils";
 import { resolveManagedAccountId } from "@/lib/authBinding";
+import { useOpenClawLiveProviderIds } from "@/hooks/useOpenClaw";
 
 type PresetEntry = {
   id: string;
@@ -577,6 +579,15 @@ export function ProviderForm({
     existingOpencodeKeys,
   } = useOmoModelSource({ isOmoCategory: isAnyOmoCategory, providerId });
 
+  const {
+    data: opencodeLiveProviderIds = [],
+    isLoading: isOpencodeLiveProviderIdsLoading,
+  } = useQuery({
+    queryKey: ["opencodeLiveProviderIds"],
+    queryFn: () => providersApi.getOpenCodeLiveProviderIds(),
+    enabled: appId === "opencode" && !isAnyOmoCategory,
+  });
+
   const opencodeForm = useOpencodeFormState({
     initialData,
     appId,
@@ -605,6 +616,78 @@ export function ProviderForm({
     onSettingsConfigChange: (config) => form.setValue("settingsConfig", config),
     getSettingsConfig: () => form.getValues("settingsConfig"),
   });
+  const {
+    data: openclawLiveProviderIds = [],
+    isLoading: isOpenclawLiveProviderIdsLoading,
+  } = useOpenClawLiveProviderIds(appId === "openclaw");
+
+  const additiveExistingProviderKeys = useMemo(() => {
+    if (appId === "opencode" && !isAnyOmoCategory) {
+      return Array.from(
+        new Set(
+          [...existingOpencodeKeys, ...opencodeLiveProviderIds].filter(
+            (key) => key !== providerId,
+          ),
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (appId === "openclaw") {
+      return Array.from(
+        new Set(
+          [
+            ...openclawForm.existingOpenclawKeys,
+            ...openclawLiveProviderIds,
+          ].filter((key) => key !== providerId),
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+
+    return [];
+  }, [
+    appId,
+    existingOpencodeKeys,
+    isAnyOmoCategory,
+    openclawForm.existingOpenclawKeys,
+    openclawLiveProviderIds,
+    opencodeLiveProviderIds,
+    providerId,
+  ]);
+
+  const isProviderKeyLockStateLoading = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!isEditMode) return false;
+    if (appId === "opencode" && !isAnyOmoCategory) {
+      return isOpencodeLiveProviderIdsLoading;
+    }
+    if (appId === "openclaw") {
+      return isOpenclawLiveProviderIdsLoading;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }, [
+    appId,
+    isAnyOmoCategory,
+    isEditMode,
+    isOpenclawLiveProviderIdsLoading,
+    isOpencodeLiveProviderIdsLoading,
+  ]);
+
+  const isProviderKeyLocked = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!isEditMode || !providerId) return false;
+    if (appId === "opencode" && !isAnyOmoCategory) {
+      return opencodeLiveProviderIds.includes(providerId);
+    }
+    if (appId === "openclaw") {
+      return openclawLiveProviderIds.includes(providerId);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }, [
+    appId,
+    isAnyOmoCategory,
+    isEditMode,
+    openclawLiveProviderIds,
+    opencodeLiveProviderIds,
+    providerId,
+  ]);
 
   const [isCommonConfigModalOpen, setIsCommonConfigModalOpen] = useState(false);
 
@@ -641,9 +724,17 @@ export function ProviderForm({
         toast.error(t("opencode.providerKeyInvalid"));
         return;
       }
+      if (isProviderKeyLockStateLoading) {
+        toast.error(
+          t("providerForm.providerKeyStatusLoading", {
+            defaultValue: "正在加载供应商标识状态，请稍后再试",
+          }),
+        );
+        return;
+      }
       if (
-        !isEditMode &&
-        existingOpencodeKeys.includes(opencodeForm.opencodeProviderKey)
+        !isProviderKeyLocked &&
+        additiveExistingProviderKeys.includes(opencodeForm.opencodeProviderKey)
       ) {
         toast.error(t("opencode.providerKeyDuplicate"));
         return;
@@ -665,11 +756,17 @@ export function ProviderForm({
         toast.error(t("openclaw.providerKeyInvalid"));
         return;
       }
+      if (isProviderKeyLockStateLoading) {
+        toast.error(
+          t("providerForm.providerKeyStatusLoading", {
+            defaultValue: "正在加载供应商标识状态，请稍后再试",
+          }),
+        );
+        return;
+      }
       if (
-        !isEditMode &&
-        openclawForm.existingOpenclawKeys.includes(
-          openclawForm.openclawProviderKey,
-        )
+        !isProviderKeyLocked &&
+        additiveExistingProviderKeys.includes(openclawForm.openclawProviderKey)
       ) {
         toast.error(t("openclaw.providerKeyDuplicate"));
         return;
@@ -1253,12 +1350,14 @@ export function ProviderForm({
                     )
                   }
                   placeholder={t("opencode.providerKeyPlaceholder")}
-                  disabled={isEditMode}
+                  disabled={
+                    isProviderKeyLocked || isProviderKeyLockStateLoading
+                  }
                   className={
-                    (existingOpencodeKeys.includes(
+                    (additiveExistingProviderKeys.includes(
                       opencodeForm.opencodeProviderKey,
                     ) &&
-                      !isEditMode) ||
+                      !isProviderKeyLocked) ||
                     (opencodeForm.opencodeProviderKey.trim() !== "" &&
                       !/^[a-z0-9]+(-[a-z0-9]+)*$/.test(
                         opencodeForm.opencodeProviderKey,
@@ -1267,10 +1366,10 @@ export function ProviderForm({
                       : ""
                   }
                 />
-                {existingOpencodeKeys.includes(
+                {additiveExistingProviderKeys.includes(
                   opencodeForm.opencodeProviderKey,
                 ) &&
-                  !isEditMode && (
+                  !isProviderKeyLocked && (
                     <p className="text-xs text-destructive">
                       {t("opencode.providerKeyDuplicate")}
                     </p>
@@ -1284,16 +1383,21 @@ export function ProviderForm({
                     </p>
                   )}
                 {!(
-                  existingOpencodeKeys.includes(
+                  additiveExistingProviderKeys.includes(
                     opencodeForm.opencodeProviderKey,
-                  ) && !isEditMode
+                  ) && !isProviderKeyLocked
                 ) &&
                   (opencodeForm.opencodeProviderKey.trim() === "" ||
                     /^[a-z0-9]+(-[a-z0-9]+)*$/.test(
                       opencodeForm.opencodeProviderKey,
                     )) && (
                     <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                      {t("opencode.providerKeyHint")}
+                      {isProviderKeyLocked
+                        ? t("opencode.providerKeyLockedHint", {
+                            defaultValue:
+                              "该供应商已添加到应用配置中，供应商标识不可修改",
+                          })
+                        : t("opencode.providerKeyHint")}
                     </p>
                   )}
               </div>
@@ -1312,12 +1416,14 @@ export function ProviderForm({
                     )
                   }
                   placeholder={t("openclaw.providerKeyPlaceholder")}
-                  disabled={isEditMode}
+                  disabled={
+                    isProviderKeyLocked || isProviderKeyLockStateLoading
+                  }
                   className={
-                    (openclawForm.existingOpenclawKeys.includes(
+                    (additiveExistingProviderKeys.includes(
                       openclawForm.openclawProviderKey,
                     ) &&
-                      !isEditMode) ||
+                      !isProviderKeyLocked) ||
                     (openclawForm.openclawProviderKey.trim() !== "" &&
                       !/^[a-z0-9]+(-[a-z0-9]+)*$/.test(
                         openclawForm.openclawProviderKey,
@@ -1326,10 +1432,10 @@ export function ProviderForm({
                       : ""
                   }
                 />
-                {openclawForm.existingOpenclawKeys.includes(
+                {additiveExistingProviderKeys.includes(
                   openclawForm.openclawProviderKey,
                 ) &&
-                  !isEditMode && (
+                  !isProviderKeyLocked && (
                     <p className="text-xs text-destructive">
                       {t("openclaw.providerKeyDuplicate")}
                     </p>
@@ -1343,16 +1449,21 @@ export function ProviderForm({
                     </p>
                   )}
                 {!(
-                  openclawForm.existingOpenclawKeys.includes(
+                  additiveExistingProviderKeys.includes(
                     openclawForm.openclawProviderKey,
-                  ) && !isEditMode
+                  ) && !isProviderKeyLocked
                 ) &&
                   (openclawForm.openclawProviderKey.trim() === "" ||
                     /^[a-z0-9]+(-[a-z0-9]+)*$/.test(
                       openclawForm.openclawProviderKey,
                     )) && (
                     <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                      {t("openclaw.providerKeyHint")}
+                      {isProviderKeyLocked
+                        ? t("openclaw.providerKeyLockedHint", {
+                            defaultValue:
+                              "该供应商已添加到应用配置中，供应商标识不可修改",
+                          })
+                        : t("openclaw.providerKeyHint")}
                     </p>
                   )}
               </div>

src/hooks/useProviderActions.ts

@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ export function useProviderActions(activeApp: AppId, isProxyRunning?: boolean) {
       provider: Omit<Provider, "id"> & {
         providerKey?: string;
         suggestedDefaults?: OpenClawSuggestedDefaults;
+        addToLive?: boolean;
       },
     ) => {
       await addProviderMutation.mutateAsync(provider);
@@ -120,8 +121,8 @@ export function useProviderActions(activeApp: AppId, isProxyRunning?: boolean) {
 
   // 更新供应商
   const updateProvider = useCallback(
-    async (provider: Provider) => {
-      await updateProviderMutation.mutateAsync(provider);
+    async (provider: Provider, originalId?: string) => {
+      await updateProviderMutation.mutateAsync({ provider, originalId });
 
       // 更新托盘菜单（失败不影响主操作）
       try {

src/i18n/locales/en.json

@@ -933,7 +933,8 @@
     "modelsRequired": "Please add at least one model",
     "providerKey": "Provider Key",
     "providerKeyPlaceholder": "my-provider",
-    "providerKeyHint": "Unique identifier in config file. Cannot be changed after creation. Use lowercase letters, numbers, and hyphens only.",
+    "providerKeyHint": "Unique identifier in config file. Use lowercase letters, numbers, and hyphens only.",
+    "providerKeyLockedHint": "This provider has already been added to the app config, so its key can no longer be changed.",
     "providerKeyRequired": "Provider key is required",
     "providerKeyDuplicate": "This key is already in use",
     "providerKeyInvalid": "Invalid format. Use lowercase letters, numbers, and hyphens only.",
@@ -1392,7 +1393,8 @@
     "backupCreated": "Backup created: {{path}}",
     "providerKey": "Provider Key",
     "providerKeyPlaceholder": "my-provider",
-    "providerKeyHint": "Unique identifier in config file. Cannot be changed after creation. Use lowercase letters, numbers, and hyphens only.",
+    "providerKeyHint": "Unique identifier in config file. Use lowercase letters, numbers, and hyphens only.",
+    "providerKeyLockedHint": "This provider has already been added to the app config, so its key can no longer be changed.",
     "providerKeyRequired": "Provider key is required",
     "providerKeyDuplicate": "This key is already in use",
     "providerKeyInvalid": "Invalid format. Use lowercase letters, numbers, and hyphens only.",

src/i18n/locales/ja.json

@@ -933,7 +933,8 @@
     "modelsRequired": "モデルを少なくとも1つ追加してください",
     "providerKey": "プロバイダーキー",
     "providerKeyPlaceholder": "my-provider",
-    "providerKeyHint": "設定ファイルの一意の識別子。作成後は変更できません。小文字、数字、ハイフンのみ使用できます。",
+    "providerKeyHint": "設定ファイルの一意の識別子です。小文字、数字、ハイフンのみ使用できます。",
+    "providerKeyLockedHint": "このプロバイダーは既にアプリ設定へ追加されているため、キーは変更できません。",
     "providerKeyRequired": "プロバイダーキーを入力してください",
     "providerKeyDuplicate": "このキーは既に使用されています",
     "providerKeyInvalid": "無効な形式です。小文字、数字、ハイフンのみ使用できます。",
@@ -1392,7 +1393,8 @@
     "backupCreated": "バックアップを作成しました: {{path}}",
     "providerKey": "プロバイダーキー",
     "providerKeyPlaceholder": "my-provider",
-    "providerKeyHint": "設定ファイル内のユニーク識別子。作成後は変更できません。小文字、数字、ハイフンのみ使用可能。",
+    "providerKeyHint": "設定ファイル内のユニーク識別子。小文字、数字、ハイフンのみ使用可能。",
+    "providerKeyLockedHint": "このプロバイダーは既にアプリ設定へ追加されているため、キーは変更できません。",
     "providerKeyRequired": "プロバイダーキーを入力してください",
     "providerKeyDuplicate": "このキーは既に使用されています",
     "providerKeyInvalid": "無効な形式です。小文字、数字、ハイフンのみ使用可能。",

src/i18n/locales/zh.json

@@ -933,7 +933,8 @@
     "modelsRequired": "请至少添加一个模型配置",
     "providerKey": "供应商标识",
     "providerKeyPlaceholder": "my-provider",
-    "providerKeyHint": "配置文件中的唯一标识符，创建后无法修改，只能使用小写字母、数字和连字符",
+    "providerKeyHint": "配置文件中的唯一标识符，只能使用小写字母、数字和连字符",
+    "providerKeyLockedHint": "该供应商已添加到应用配置中，供应商标识不可修改",
     "providerKeyRequired": "请填写供应商标识",
     "providerKeyDuplicate": "此标识已被使用，请更换",
     "providerKeyInvalid": "标识格式无效，只能使用小写字母、数字和连字符",
@@ -1392,7 +1393,8 @@
     "backupCreated": "已创建备份：{{path}}",
     "providerKey": "供应商标识",
     "providerKeyPlaceholder": "my-provider",
-    "providerKeyHint": "配置文件中的唯一标识符，创建后无法修改，只能使用小写字母、数字和连字符",
+    "providerKeyHint": "配置文件中的唯一标识符，只能使用小写字母、数字和连字符",
+    "providerKeyLockedHint": "该供应商已添加到应用配置中，供应商标识不可修改",
     "providerKeyRequired": "请填写供应商标识",
     "providerKeyDuplicate": "此标识已被使用，请更换",
     "providerKeyInvalid": "标识格式无效，只能使用小写字母、数字和连字符",

src/lib/api/providers.ts

@@ -34,12 +34,24 @@ export const providersApi = {
     return await invoke("get_current_provider", { app: appId });
   },
 
-  async add(provider: Provider, appId: AppId): Promise<boolean> {
-    return await invoke("add_provider", { provider, app: appId });
+  async add(
+    provider: Provider,
+    appId: AppId,
+    addToLive?: boolean,
+  ): Promise<boolean> {
+    return await invoke("add_provider", { provider, app: appId, addToLive });
   },
 
-  async update(provider: Provider, appId: AppId): Promise<boolean> {
-    return await invoke("update_provider", { provider, app: appId });
+  async update(
+    provider: Provider,
+    appId: AppId,
+    originalId?: string,
+  ): Promise<boolean> {
+    return await invoke("update_provider", {
+      provider,
+      app: appId,
+      originalId,
+    });
   },
 
   async delete(id: string, appId: AppId): Promise<boolean> {

src/lib/query/mutations.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@ export const useAddProviderMutation = (appId: AppId) => {
 
   return useMutation({
     mutationFn: async (
-      providerInput: Omit<Provider, "id"> & { providerKey?: string },
+      providerInput: Omit<Provider, "id"> & {
+        providerKey?: string;
+        addToLive?: boolean;
+      },
     ) => {
       let id: string;
 
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ export const useAddProviderMutation = (appId: AppId) => {
         id = generateUUID();
       }
 
-      const { providerKey: _providerKey, ...rest } = providerInput;
+      const { providerKey: _providerKey, addToLive, ...rest } = providerInput;
 
       const newProvider: Provider = {
         ...rest,
@@ -45,7 +48,7 @@ export const useAddProviderMutation = (appId: AppId) => {
       };
       delete (newProvider as any).providerKey;
 
-      await providersApi.add(newProvider, appId);
+      await providersApi.add(newProvider, appId, addToLive);
       return newProvider;
     },
     onSuccess: async () => {
@@ -107,8 +110,14 @@ export const useUpdateProviderMutation = (appId: AppId) => {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
 
   return useMutation({
-    mutationFn: async (provider: Provider) => {
-      await providersApi.update(provider, appId);
+    mutationFn: async ({
+      provider,
+      originalId,
+    }: {
+      provider: Provider;
+      originalId?: string;
+    }) => {
+      await providersApi.update(provider, appId, originalId);
       return provider;
     },
     onSuccess: async () => {

tests/hooks/useProviderActions.test.tsx

@@ -169,7 +169,10 @@ describe("useProviderActions", () => {
       await result.current.updateProvider(provider);
     });
 
-    expect(updateProviderMutateAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(provider);
+    expect(updateProviderMutateAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      provider,
+      originalId: undefined,
+    });
     expect(providersApiUpdateTrayMenuMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 

tests/integration/App.test.tsx

@@ -2,7 +2,13 @@ import { Suspense, type ComponentType } from "react";
 import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { render, screen, waitFor, fireEvent } from "@testing-library/react";
 import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, vi } from "vitest";
-import { resetProviderState } from "../msw/state";
+import { providersApi } from "@/lib/api/providers";
+import {
+  resetProviderState,
+  setCurrentProviderId,
+  setLiveProviderIds,
+  setProviders,
+} from "../msw/state";
 import { emitTauriEvent } from "../msw/tauriMocks";
 
 const toastSuccessMock = vi.fn();
@@ -75,8 +81,11 @@ vi.mock("@/components/providers/EditProviderDialog", () => ({
         <button
           onClick={() =>
             onSubmit({
-              ...provider,
-              name: `${provider.name}-edited`,
+              provider: {
+                ...provider,
+                name: `${provider.name}-edited`,
+              },
+              originalId: provider.id,
             })
           }
         >
@@ -114,6 +123,7 @@ vi.mock("@/components/AppSwitcher", () => ({
       <span>{activeApp}</span>
       <button onClick={() => onSwitch("claude")}>switch-claude</button>
       <button onClick={() => onSwitch("codex")}>switch-codex</button>
+      <button onClick={() => onSwitch("openclaw")}>switch-openclaw</button>
     </div>
   ),
 }));
@@ -230,4 +240,95 @@ describe("App integration with MSW", () => {
       expect(toastErrorMock).toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
   });
+
+  it("duplicates openclaw providers with a generated key that avoids live-only ids", async () => {
+    setProviders("openclaw", {
+      deepseek: {
+        id: "deepseek",
+        name: "DeepSeek",
+        settingsConfig: {
+          baseUrl: "https://api.deepseek.com",
+          apiKey: "test-key",
+          api: "openai-completions",
+          models: [],
+        },
+        category: "custom",
+        sortIndex: 0,
+        createdAt: Date.now(),
+      },
+    });
+    setCurrentProviderId("openclaw", "deepseek");
+    setLiveProviderIds("openclaw", ["deepseek-copy"]);
+
+    const { default: App } = await import("@/App");
+    renderApp(App);
+
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByText("switch-openclaw"));
+
+    await waitFor(() =>
+      expect(screen.getByTestId("provider-list").textContent).toContain(
+        "deepseek",
+      ),
+    );
+
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByText("duplicate"));
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      const providerList = screen.getByTestId("provider-list").textContent;
+      expect(providerList).toContain("deepseek-copy-2");
+      expect(providerList).toContain("DeepSeek copy");
+    });
+
+    expect(toastErrorMock).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining("Provider key is required for openclaw"),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("shows toast when duplicate cannot load live provider ids", async () => {
+    setProviders("openclaw", {
+      deepseek: {
+        id: "deepseek",
+        name: "DeepSeek",
+        settingsConfig: {
+          baseUrl: "https://api.deepseek.com",
+          apiKey: "test-key",
+          api: "openai-completions",
+          models: [],
+        },
+        category: "custom",
+        sortIndex: 0,
+        createdAt: Date.now(),
+      },
+    });
+    setCurrentProviderId("openclaw", "deepseek");
+
+    const liveIdsSpy = vi
+      .spyOn(providersApi, "getOpenClawLiveProviderIds")
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error("broken config"));
+
+    const { default: App } = await import("@/App");
+    renderApp(App);
+
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByText("switch-openclaw"));
+
+    await waitFor(() =>
+      expect(screen.getByTestId("provider-list").textContent).toContain(
+        "deepseek",
+      ),
+    );
+
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByText("duplicate"));
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(toastErrorMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining("读取配置中的供应商标识失败"),
+      );
+    });
+
+    expect(screen.getByTestId("provider-list").textContent).not.toContain(
+      "deepseek-copy",
+    );
+
+    liveIdsSpy.mockRestore();
+  });
 });

tests/msw/handlers.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   deleteProvider,
   deleteSession,
   getCurrentProviderId,
+  getLiveProviderIds,
   getSessionMessages,
   getProviders,
   listProviders,
@@ -67,6 +68,20 @@ export const handlers = [
 
   http.post(`${TAURI_ENDPOINT}/update_tray_menu`, () => success(true)),
 
+  http.post(`${TAURI_ENDPOINT}/get_opencode_live_provider_ids`, () =>
+    success(getLiveProviderIds("opencode")),
+  ),
+
+  http.post(`${TAURI_ENDPOINT}/get_openclaw_live_provider_ids`, () =>
+    success(getLiveProviderIds("openclaw")),
+  ),
+
+  http.post(`${TAURI_ENDPOINT}/get_openclaw_default_model`, () =>
+    success({ primary: null, fallback: [] }),
+  ),
+
+  http.post(`${TAURI_ENDPOINT}/scan_openclaw_config_health`, () => success([])),
+
   http.post(`${TAURI_ENDPOINT}/switch_provider`, async ({ request }) => {
     const { id, app } = await withJson<{ id: string; app: AppId }>(request);
     const providers = listProviders(app);
@@ -197,6 +212,8 @@ export const handlers = [
 
   http.post(`${TAURI_ENDPOINT}/get_settings`, () => success(getSettings())),
 
+  http.post(`${TAURI_ENDPOINT}/check_env_conflicts`, () => success([])),
+
   http.post(`${TAURI_ENDPOINT}/save_settings`, async ({ request }) => {
     const { settings } = await withJson<{ settings: Settings }>(request);
     setSettings(settings);

tests/msw/state.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import type {
 type ProvidersByApp = Record<AppId, Record<string, Provider>>;
 type CurrentProviderState = Record<AppId, string>;
 type McpConfigState = Record<AppId, Record<string, McpServer>>;
+type LiveProviderIdsByApp = Record<"opencode" | "openclaw", string[]>;
 
 const createDefaultProviders = (): ProvidersByApp => ({
   claude: {
@@ -77,6 +78,10 @@ const createDefaultCurrent = (): CurrentProviderState => ({
 
 let providers = createDefaultProviders();
 let current = createDefaultCurrent();
+let liveProviderIds: LiveProviderIdsByApp = {
+  opencode: [],
+  openclaw: [],
+};
 let settingsState: Settings = {
   showInTray: true,
   minimizeToTrayOnClose: true,
@@ -184,6 +189,10 @@ const cloneProviders = (value: ProvidersByApp) =>
 export const resetProviderState = () => {
   providers = createDefaultProviders();
   current = createDefaultCurrent();
+  liveProviderIds = {
+    opencode: [],
+    openclaw: [],
+  };
   sessionsState = createDefaultSessions();
   sessionMessagesState = createDefaultSessionMessages();
   settingsState = {
@@ -243,6 +252,17 @@ export const getProviders = (appType: AppId) =>
 
 export const getCurrentProviderId = (appType: AppId) => current[appType] ?? "";
 
+export const getLiveProviderIds = (appType: "opencode" | "openclaw") => [
+  ...liveProviderIds[appType],
+];
+
+export const setLiveProviderIds = (
+  appType: "opencode" | "openclaw",
+  ids: string[],
+) => {
+  liveProviderIds[appType] = [...ids];
+};
+
 export const setCurrentProviderId = (appType: AppId, providerId: string) => {
   current[appType] = providerId;
 };