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174 lines
14 KiB
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<article id="wikiArticle">
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<p></p><p></p>
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<p><code><strong>split() </strong></code>方法使用指定的分隔符字符串将一个<a href="Reference/String" title="此页面仍未被本地化, 期待您的翻译!"><code>String</code></a>对象分割成字符串数组，以将字符串分隔为子字符串，以确定每个拆分的位置。 </p>
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<h2 id="Syntax" name="Syntax">语法</h2>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript"><code><em>str.split([separator[, limit]])</em></code>
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</code></pre>
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<div class="note">
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<p>Tip: 如果空字符串("")被用作分隔符，则字符串会在每个字符之间分割。</p>
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</div>
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<h3 id="参数">参数</h3>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>separator</code></dt>
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<dd>指定表示每个拆分应发生的点的字符串。<code>separator</code> 可以是一个字符串或<a href="Reference/Global_Objects/RegExp" title="JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/RegExp">正则表达式</a>。 如果纯文本分隔符包含多个字符，则必须找到整个字符串来表示分割点。如果在str中省略或不出现分隔符，则返回的数组包含一个由整个字符串组成的元素。如果分隔符为空字符串，则将str原字符串中每个字符的数组形式返回。</dd>
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<dt><code>limit</code></dt>
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<dd>一个整数，限定返回的分割片段数量。当提供此参数时，split 方法会在指定分隔符的每次出现时分割该字符串，但在限制条目已放入数组时停止。如果在达到指定限制之前达到字符串的末尾，它可能仍然包含少于限制的条目。新数组中不返回剩下的文本。</dd>
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</dl>
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<h3 id="返回值">返回值</h3>
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<p>返回源字符串以分隔符出现位置分隔而成的一个 <a href="Reference/Array" title="REDIRECT Array"><code>Array</code></a> </p>
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<h2 id="Description" name="Description">描述</h2>
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<p>找到分隔符后，将其从字符串中删除，并将子字符串的数组返回。如果没有找到或者省略了分隔符，则该数组包含一个由整个字符串组成的元素。如果分隔符为空字符串，则将str转换为字符数组。如果分隔符出现在字符串的开始或结尾，或两者都分开，分别以空字符串开头，结尾或两者开始和结束。因此，如果字符串仅由一个分隔符实例组成，则该数组由两个空字符串组成。</p>
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<p>如果分隔符是包含捕获括号的正则表达式，则每次分隔符匹配时，捕获括号的结果（包括任何未定义的结果）将被拼接到输出数组中。但是，并不是所有浏览器都支持此功能。</p>
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<p></p><div class="blockIndicator note"><strong>Note:</strong> 当字符串为空时，split（）返回一个包含一个空字符串的数组，而不是一个空数组，如果字符串和分隔符都是空字符串，则返回一个空数组。</div><p></p>
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<h2 id="Examples" name="Examples">示例</h2>
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<h3 id="Example:_Using_split" name="Example:_Using_split">例子：使用 <code>split</code></h3>
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<p>下例定义了一个函数：根据指定的分隔符将一个字符串分割成一个字符串数组。分隔字符串后，该函数依次输出原始字符串信息，被使用的分隔符，返回数组元素的个数，以及返回数组中所有的元素。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">function splitString(stringToSplit, separator) {
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var arrayOfStrings = stringToSplit.split(separator);
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console.log('The original string is: "' + stringToSplit + '"');
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console.log('The separator is: "' + separator + '"');
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console.log("The array has " + arrayOfStrings.length + " elements: ");
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for (var i=0; i < arrayOfStrings.length; i++)
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console.log(arrayOfStrings[i] + " / ");
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}
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var tempestString = "Oh brave new world that has such people in it.";
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var monthString = "Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec";
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var space = " ";
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var comma = ",";
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splitString(tempestString, space);
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splitString(tempestString);
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splitString(monthString, comma);
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</code></pre>
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<p>上例输出下面结果：</p>
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<pre>The original string is: "Oh brave new world that has such people in it."
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The separator is: " "
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The array has 10 elements: Oh / brave / new / world / that / has / such / people / in / it. /
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The original string is: "Oh brave new world that has such people in it."
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The separator is: "undefined"
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The array has 1 elements: Oh brave new world that has such people in it. /
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The original string is: "Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec"
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The separator is: ","
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The array has 12 elements: Jan / Feb / Mar / Apr / May / Jun / Jul / Aug / Sep / Oct / Nov / Dec /
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="Example:_Removing_spaces_from_a_string" name="Example:_Removing_spaces_from_a_string">例子：移出字符串中的空格</h3>
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<p>下例中，<code>split()</code> 方法会查找“0 或多个空白符接着的分号，再接着 0 或多个空白符”模式的字符串，找到后，就将空白符从字符串中移除，<code>nameList</code> 是 <code>split</code> 的返回数组。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">var names = "Harry Trump ;Fred Barney; Helen Rigby ; Bill Abel ;Chris Hand ";
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console.log(names);
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var re = /\s*(?:;|$)\s*/;
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var nameList = names.split(re);
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console.log(nameList);
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</code></pre>
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<p>上例输出两行，第一行输出原始字符串，第二行输出结果数组。</p>
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<pre><code>Harry Trump ;Fred Barney; Helen Rigby ; Bill Abel ;Chris Hand
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[ "Harry Trump", "Fred Barney", "Helen Rigby", "Bill Abel", "Chris Hand", "" ]</code>
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="Example:_Returning_a_limited_number_of_splits" name="Example:_Returning_a_limited_number_of_splits">例子：限制返回值中分割元素数量</h3>
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<p>下例中，<code>split</code> 查找字符串中的 0 或多个空格，并返回找到的前 3 个分割元素（splits）。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">var myString = "Hello World. How are you doing?";
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var splits = myString.split(" ", 3);
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console.log(splits);
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</code></pre>
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<p>上例输出：</p>
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<pre><code>["Hello", "World.", "How"]</code></code></pre>
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<h3 id="Example:_Capturing_parentheses" name="Example:_Capturing_parentheses">例子：捕获括号（Capturing parentheses）</h3>
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<p>如果 <code>separator</code> 包含捕获括号（capturing parentheses），则其匹配结果将会包含在返回的数组中。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-javascript">var myString = "Hello 1 word. Sentence number 2.";
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var splits = myString.split(/(\d)/);
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console.log(splits);
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</code></pre>
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<p>上例输出：</p>
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<pre><code>[ "Hello ", "1", " word. Sentence number ", "2", "." ]</code></code></pre>
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<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>
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<table class="standard-table">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<th scope="col">Specification</th>
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<th scope="col">Status</th>
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<th scope="col">Comment</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>ECMAScript 3rd Edition.</td>
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<td>Standard</td>
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<td>Initial definition.<br/>
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Implemented in JavaScript 1.1</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/#sec-15.5.4.14" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 5.1 (ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">String.prototype.split</small></a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><a class="external" href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-string.prototype.split" hreflang="en" lang="en" rel="noopener">ECMAScript 2015 (6th Edition, ECMA-262)<br/><small lang="zh-CN">String.prototype.split</small></a></td>
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<td><span class="spec-Standard">Standard</span></td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>
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<p></p><div class="bc-data"><a class="bc-github-link external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data" rel="noopener">Update compatibility data on GitHub</a><table class="bc-table bc-table-js"><thead><tr class="bc-platforms"><td></td><th class="bc-platform-desktop" colspan="6"><span>Desktop</span></th><th class="bc-platform-mobile" colspan="7"><span>Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-platform-server" colspan="1"><span>Server</span></th></tr><tr class="bc-browsers"><td></td><th class="bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome">Chrome</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge">Edge</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox">Firefox</span></th><th class="bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-ie">Internet Explorer</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera">Opera</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari">Safari</span></th><th class="bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-webview_android">Android webview</span></th><th class="bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-chrome_android">Chrome for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-edge_mobile">Edge Mobile</span></th><th class="bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-firefox_android">Firefox for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-opera_android">Opera for Android</span></th><th class="bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-safari_ios">Safari on iOS</span></th><th class="bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-samsunginternet_android">Samsung Internet</span></th><th class="bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-head-txt-label bc-head-icon-nodejs">Node.js</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th scope="row"><code>split</code></th><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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12</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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1</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-ie"><span class="bc-browser-name">IE</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-webview_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">WebView Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-chrome_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Chrome Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-edge_mobile"><span class="bc-browser-name">Edge Mobile</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-firefox_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Firefox Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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4</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-opera_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Opera Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-safari_ios"><span class="bc-browser-name">Safari iOS</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-samsunginternet_android"><span class="bc-browser-name">Samsung Internet Android</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td><td class="bc-supports-yes bc-browser-nodejs"><span class="bc-browser-name">nodejs</span><abbr class="bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr>
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Yes</td></tr></tbody></table><section class="bc-legend" id="sect1"><h3 class="offscreen" id="Legend">Legend</h3><dl><dt><span class="bc-supports-yes bc-supports">
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<abbr class="bc-level bc-level-yes only-icon" title="Full support">
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<span>Full support</span>
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</abbr></span></dt><dd>Full support</dd></dl></section></div><p></p>
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<h2 id="See_also" name="See_also">相关链接</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/String/charAt" title="charAt() 方法从一个字符串中返回指定的字符。"><code>String.prototype.charAt()</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/String/indexOf" title="indexOf() 方法返回调用 String 对象中第一次出现的指定值的索引，开始在 fromIndex进行搜索。"><code>String.prototype.indexOf()</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/String/lastIndexOf" title="lastIndexOf() 方法返回指定值在调用该方法的字符串中最后出现的位置，如果没找到则返回 -1。从该字符串的后面向前查找，从 fromIndex 处开始。"><code>String.prototype.lastIndexOf()</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="Reference/Global_Objects/Array/join" title="join() 方法将一个数组（或一个类数组对象）的所有元素连接成一个字符串并返回这个字符串。如果数组只有一个项目，那么将返回该项目而不使用分隔符。"><code>Array.prototype.join()</code></a></li>
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</ul>
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</article> |