uTools-Manuals/docs/python/pwd.html

<div class="body" role="main"><div class="section" id="module-pwd"><h1><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-10">35.2. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-pwd" title="pwd: The password database (getpwnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">pwd</span></code></a>  - 密码数据库</span></h1><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-11">此模块提供对Unix用户帐户和密码数据库的访问。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-12">它在所有Unix版本上可用。</span></p><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-13">密码数据库条目被报告为类元组对象，其属性对应于<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">passwd</span></code>结构（下面的属性字段，参见<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;pwd.h&gt;</span></code>）的成员：</span></p><table border="1" class="docutils"><thead valign="bottom"><tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-14">指数</span></th><th class="head"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-15">属性</span></th><th class="head"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-16">含义</span></th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-17">0</span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-18"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pw_name</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-19">登录名</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-20">1</span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-21"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pw_passwd</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-22">可选加密密码</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-23">2</span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-24"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pw_uid</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-25">数字用户ID</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-26">3</span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-27"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pw_gid</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-28">数字组ID</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-29">4</span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-30"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pw_gecos</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-31">用户名或注释字段</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-32">5</span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-33"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pw_dir</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-34">用户主目录</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-35">6</span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-36"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pw_shell</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-37">用户命令解释器</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-38">uid和gid项是整数，所有其他都是字符串。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-39">如果无法找到要求的条目，则会引发<a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#KeyError" title="KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a>。</span></p><div class="admonition note"><p class="first admonition-title"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-40">注意</span></p><p class="last" id="index-0"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-41">在传统的Unix中，字段<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pw_passwd</span></code>通常包含用DES导出的算法加密的密码（参见模块<a class="reference internal" href="crypt.html#module-crypt" title="crypt: The crypt() function used to check Unix passwords. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">crypt</span></code></a>）。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-42">然而，大多数现代unices使用所谓的<em>shadow密码</em>系统。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-43">On those unices the <em>pw_passwd</em> field only contains an asterisk (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'*'</span></code>) or the letter <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'x'</span></code> where the encrypted password is stored in a file <code class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">/etc/shadow</span></code> which is not world readable. </span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-44"><em>pw_passwd</em>字段是否包含任何有用的是系统相关的。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-45">如果可用，应在需要访问加密密码的地方使用<a class="reference internal" href="spwd.html#module-spwd" title="spwd: The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code></a>模块。</span></p></div><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-46">它定义以下项目：</span></p><dl class="function"><dt id="pwd.getpwuid"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-47"> <code class="descclassname">pwd.</code><code class="descname">getpwuid</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>uid</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-48">返回给定数字用户ID的密码数据库条目。</span></p></dd></dl><dl class="function"><dt id="pwd.getpwnam"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-49"> <code class="descclassname">pwd.</code><code class="descname">getpwnam</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-50">返回给定用户名的密码数据库条目。</span></p></dd></dl><dl class="function"><dt id="pwd.getpwall"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-51"> <code class="descclassname">pwd.</code><code class="descname">getpwall</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-52">以任意顺序返回所有可用密码数据库条目的列表。</span></p></dd></dl><div class="admonition seealso"><p class="first admonition-title"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-53">也可以看看</span></p><dl class="last docutils"><dt><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-54">模块<a class="reference internal" href="grp.html#module-grp" title="grp: The group database (getgrnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">grp</span></code></a></span></dt><dd><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-55">一个到组数据库的接口，类似于此。</span></dd><dt><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-56">模块<a class="reference internal" href="spwd.html#module-spwd" title="spwd: The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code></a></span></dt><dd><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-57">一个到shadow密码数据库的接口，类似这样。</span></dd></dl></div></div></div>