uTools-Manuals/docs/python/curses.ascii.html

<div class="body" role="main"><div class="section" id="module-curses.ascii"><h1><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-10">16.12. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-curses.ascii" title="curses.ascii: Constants and set-membership functions for ASCII characters."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">curses.ascii</span></code></a>  -  ASCII字符的实用程序</span></h1><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-11"><a class="reference internal" href="#module-curses.ascii" title="curses.ascii: Constants and set-membership functions for ASCII characters."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">curses.ascii</span></code></a>模块提供ASCII字符和函数的名称常量，以测试各种ASCII字符类中的成员资格。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-12">提供的常量是控制字符的名称，如下所示：</span></p><table border="1" class="docutils"><thead valign="bottom"><tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-13">名称</span></th><th class="head"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-14">含义</span></th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-15"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">NUL</span></code></span></td><td></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-16"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">SOH</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-17">标题开始，控制台中断</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-18"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">STX</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-19">文本开始</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-20"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">ETX</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-21">文本结束</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-22"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">EOT</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-23">传输结束</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-24"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">ENQ</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-25">查询，与<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">ACK</span></code>流量控制</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-26"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">ACK</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-27">确认</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-28"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">BEL</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-29">钟</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-30"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">BS</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-31">退格</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-32"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">TAB</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-33">标签</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-34"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">HT</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-35"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">TAB</span></code>的别名：“水平制表符”</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-36"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LF</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-37">换行</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-38"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">NL</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-39"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">LF</span></code>的别名：“新行”</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-40"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">VT</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-41">垂直选项卡</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-42"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">FF</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-43">表单Feed</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-44"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">CR</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-45">回车</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-46"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">SO</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-47">移出，开始备用字符集</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-48"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">SI</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-49">移入，恢复默认字符集</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-50"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">DLE</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-51">数据链接转义</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-52"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">DC1</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-53">XON，用于流量控制</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-54"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">DC2</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-55">设备控制2，块模式流量控制</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-56"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">DC3</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-57">XOFF，用于流量控制</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-58"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">DC4</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-59">设备控制4</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-60"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">NAK</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-61">否定确认</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-62"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">SYN</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-63">同步空闲</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-64"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">ETB</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-65">结束传输块</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-66"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">CAN</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-67">取消</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-68"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">EM</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-69">结束媒体</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-70"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">SUB</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-71">替代</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-72"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">ESC</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-73">逃逸</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-74"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">FS</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-75">文件分隔符</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-76"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">GS</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-77">组分隔符</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-78"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">RS</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-79">记录分隔符，块模式终止符</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-80"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">US</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-81">单位分隔符</span></td></tr><tr class="row-even"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-82"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">SP</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-83">空间</span></td></tr><tr class="row-odd"><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-84"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">DEL</span></code></span></td><td><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-85">删除</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-86">注意，许多这些在现代使用中没有什么实际意义。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-87">助记符源于数字计算机之前的电子打印机惯例。</span></p><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-88">该模块提供以下功能，在标准C库中：</span></p><dl class="function"><dt id="curses.ascii.isalnum"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-89"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isalnum</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-90">检查ASCII字母数字字符；它等同于<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">isalpha（c）</span> <span class="pre">或</span> <span class="pre">isdigit（c）</span></code>。</span></p></dd></dl><dl class="function"><dt id="curses.ascii.isalpha"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-91"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isalpha</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-92">检查ASCII字母字符；它等于<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">isupper（c）</span> <span class="pre">或</span> <span class="pre">islower（c）</span></code>。</span></p></dd></dl><dl class="function"><dt id="curses.ascii.isascii"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-93"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isascii</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-94">检查符合7位ASCII集的字符值。</span></p></dd></dl><dl class="function"><dt id="curses.ascii.isblank"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-95"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isblank</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-96">检查ASCII空格字符；空间或水平制表符。</span></p></dd></dl><dl class="function"><dt id="curses.ascii.iscntrl"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-97"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">iscntrl</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-98">检查ASCII控制字符（范围为0x00到0x1f或0x7f）。</span></p></dd></dl><dl class="function"><dt id="curses.ascii.isdigit"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-99"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isdigit</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-100">检查ASCII十进制数字，<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'0'</span></code>到<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'9'</span></code>。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-101">这等效于<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">c</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">string.digits</span></code>。</span></p></dd></dl><dl class="function"><dt id="curses.ascii.isgraph"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-102"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isgraph</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-103">检查ASCII任何可打印字符（空格除外）。</span></p></dd></dl><dl class="function"><dt id="curses.ascii.islower"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-104"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">islower</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-105">检查ASCII小写字符。</span></p></dd></dl><dl class="function"><dt id="curses.ascii.isprint"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-106"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isprint</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-107">检查任何ASCII可打印字符（包括空格）。</span></p></dd></dl><dl class="function"><dt id="curses.ascii.ispunct"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-108"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">ispunct</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-109">检查任何可打印的ASCII字符，它不是空格或字母数字字符。</span></p></dd></dl><dl class="function"><dt id="curses.ascii.isspace"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-110"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isspace</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-111">检查ASCII空格字符；空格，换行，回车，换页，水平制表，垂直制表。</span></p></dd></dl><dl class="function"><dt id="curses.ascii.isupper"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-112"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isupper</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-113">检查ASCII大写字母。</span></p></dd></dl><dl class="function"><dt id="curses.ascii.isxdigit"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-114"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isxdigit</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-115">检查ASCII十六进制数字。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-116">这等效于<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">c</span> <span class="pre">在</span> <span class="pre">string.hexdigits</span></code>。</span></p></dd></dl><dl class="function"><dt id="curses.ascii.isctrl"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-117"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">isctrl</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-118">检查ASCII控制字符（序数值0到31）。</span></p></dd></dl><dl class="function"><dt id="curses.ascii.ismeta"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-119"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">ismeta</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-120">检查非ASCII字符（序数值为0x80及以上）。</span></p></dd></dl><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-121">这些函数接受整数或字符串；当参数是一个字符串时，它首先使用内建函数<a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#ord" title="ord"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">ord()</span></code></a>进行转换。</span></p><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-122">注意，所有这些函数检查从传递的字符串的第一个字符派生的序数位值；他们实际上不知道任何关于主机的字符编码。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-123">对于知道字符编码（和正确处理国际化）的函数，请参阅<a class="reference internal" href="string.html#module-string" title="string: Common string operations."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">string</span></code></a>模块。</span></p><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-124">以下两个函数采用单字符字符串或整数字节值；它们返回同一类型的值。</span></p><dl class="function"><dt id="curses.ascii.ascii"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-125"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">ascii</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-126">返回对应于<em>c</em>的低7位的ASCII值。</span></p></dd></dl><dl class="function"><dt id="curses.ascii.ctrl"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-127"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">ctrl</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-128">返回与给定字符相对应的控制字符（字符位值按位和0x1f）。</span></p></dd></dl><dl class="function"><dt id="curses.ascii.alt"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-129"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">alt</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-130">返回与给定ASCII字符相对应的8位字符（字符位值以0x80为单位）。</span></p></dd></dl><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-131">以下函数采用单字符字符串或整数值；它返回一个字符串。</span></p><dl class="function"><dt id="curses.ascii.unctrl"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-132"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">unctrl</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>c</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-133">返回ASCII字符<em>c</em>的字符串表示形式。如果<em>c</em>是可打印的，则此字符串是字符本身。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-134">如果字符是控制字符（0x00-0x1f），则字符串由脱字符（<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'^'</span></code>）后跟相应的大写字母组成。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-135">如果字符是ASCII删除（0x7f），则字符串为<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'^?'</span></code>。</span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-136">如果字符的元位（0x80）置位，元位被去除，应用前面的规则，并且<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'!'</span></code></span><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-137">前面的结果。</span></p></dd></dl><dl class="data"><dt id="curses.ascii.controlnames"><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-138"> <code class="descclassname">curses.ascii.</code><code class="descname">controlnames</code></span></dt><dd><p><span class="yiyi-st" id="yiyi-139">一个33个元素的字符串数组，包含从0（NUL）到0x1f（US）的32个ASCII控制字符的ASCII助记符，加上空格字符的助记符<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SP</span></code>。</span></p></dd></dl></div></div>